AVES. 459 



transverse scutes, sometimes tridactylons. Wings moderate, with 

 fourth quill longest. Tail cuneate or graduate. 



Sp. Galbula viridis Lath., Alcedo Galbula L., Buff. PI. enl. 238; — Galhula 

 ruficauda Cuv., Less. Ornith. PI. 27, fig. i, Cuv. R. Ani., ed. ill., Ois. 

 PL 48, fig. I ; — Galbula albirosiris Vaill., Gubr. Iconogr., Ois. PI. 30, 

 fig. I ; — Galbula trldaetyla Vieill., Jacamaralcyon brasiliensis Less., 

 Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. nat. PI. E 32, fig. 2 (Tome 13, p. 401); species from 

 the forests of tropical America; they feed on insects. 



Lamproi^tila Swains., {Jacamerops Levaill.). Bill broad at the 

 base, with culmen curved, scarcely keeled. (Head subcrested. Tail 

 broad.) 



Sp. Galbula grand'ts, Alcedo grandis Gm., Levaill. Ois. de Parad. &c. PI. 

 54; — Galbula Boersii Ranzani, Levaill. ibid. PI. 53; from South Amer. 



Jacamaralcyonides Desmurs. {Galhalcyrhynchus ejusd. previ- 

 ously.) Bill high at the base, with culmen subcurved, compressed 

 towards the tip, acuminate. 



Sp, Galbula leucotis, Jacamaralcyonides leucotis Desmues, PI. peintes 19; 

 Columbia. 



Oeder V. Passerini. [Amhulatores Illig., Anisodactyli Vieill.) 



Bill of various shape, never cerigerous at the base, acute at the 

 tip. Tibise feathered as far as heel. Toes mostly four, in a few 

 only three, the inner toe being deficient; hallux in all. Tarsi 

 scutellate anteriorly. Claws curved, acute. Tail almost always 

 with twelve feathers. 



These birds are named passerine or songsters, because amougst 

 them the singing birds are found which have a complex muscular 

 arrangement at the lower larynx (pp. 344, 345). Yet all do not 

 possess this arrangement, and those birds in which it is wanting 

 are accordingly united by Nitzsch under the name of Picarice, by 

 Blasius and Keyserling under that of Scansores, with the climb- 

 ing birds. But amongst the birds of the new world the number 

 is much greater of species which have no special vocal muscles, 

 as we learn from the investigation of Mueller. Hence these 

 birds without muscles for song, which yet, without violence to 

 the word, cannot be named Scansores or Picarice, have been named 

 Clamatores (Andr. Wagner), and separated as a distinct order 

 from the rest of the passerines, to which Blasius and Keyserling 

 had already previously given the name of Oscines. The two divi- 

 sions are also distinguished, according to these writers, by the 



