AVES. 493 



obtuse, rounded. Wings concave, with fourth and fifth quills 

 longest of all. Tail long, rounded (with tail-feathers pointed in 

 males). 



Sp. CreacUon carunculatum, Sturnus carunculatus Lath., Icterus Novcc 

 Zeelandice QuoT and Gaim., Voyage de I'Astr. PL I'Z, fig. 4. 



Sturnus L. (in part). Bill moderate, straight, subulate, with 

 culmen flat, with tip obtuse, depressed, rounded, entire. Nostrils 

 basal, partly closed by vaulted membrane. Feet moderate, strong ; 

 tarsus longer than middle toe. Tail even, somewhat short. Wings 

 with first quill very short, second longest of all. 



Sp. Sturnus vvlgaris L., Boff. PI. enl. 75, Lesson Ornith. PI. 65, fig. i ; 

 the common starling, Vetourneau, der Staar; a well-known bird, which 

 returns to us in March and migrates in October, remains however in each 

 year in greater or lesser number ; in the south of Europe the starling ia 

 a permanent bird. Its food differs according to the season of the year, 

 but consists in great part of insects. Older starlings breed mostly twice 

 in the year ; they lay from 4 to 7 light sea-green eggs, — Sturnus cineraceus 

 Temm., pi. col. 556, India, Japan, &c. 



Amhlyrhamphus Leach. Bill subulate, with culmen rounded, 

 produced between the plumes of forehead, with tip depressed. 

 Nostrils basal, open, small. Wings with nine primaries, third, 

 fourth and fifth subequal, fourth longest of all. Tail somewhat 

 long, broad, rounded. 



Sp. Amhlyrhamphus bicolor Leach, Oriolns ruber Gmel., Sturnus ruber Cvv., 

 SoNNER. Voyage a la Nouv. Guin. PI. 68, Guer. Icon., Ois. PI. 20, fig. 3, 

 Buenos Ayres. 



Sturnella Yieill. Tarsi long. Tail moderate, narrow, with 

 feathers pointed. 



Sp. Sturnella collaris ViEiLL., Sturnus ludovicianus L. (and Alauda magna 

 L.), Buff. PI. enl. 256, Wilson Amer. Ornith. PL 19, fig. 2. 



Note. — Here are to be inserted some genera of modern writers: 

 Agelceus Yieill., Chrysomus Swains., Molothrus ejusd., Dolichonyx 

 ejusd., Leistes Yigors, on which cons. Gray Gener. of Birds, il 

 pp. 346 and foil. 



Cassicus Cuv., Illtg. Bill moderate or longer than head, 

 strong, straight, elongate and conical, acuminate, produced like a 

 semicircular shield above the forehead. Nostrils narrow fissures, 

 naked, lateral, basal. Wings with nine primaries, third and fourth 

 subequal, longest of all. Tail somewhat long, graduated. 



