494 CLASS XVI. 



Sp. Cassicus crisiatus Cov., Oriolus cristatus Gmel., Buff. PI. enl. 344, 

 Less. Ornith. PI. 63, fig. i ; — Cassicus bifasciatus Spix, Cassicus monte- 

 zuma Less., Cent. Zool. PI. 7 ; — Cassicus ictcronotus Vieill., Oriolus 

 persicus L., Buff. PI. enl. 184. In all these species the general colour is 

 black, contrasted with bright yellow, especially towards the tail. Black, 

 with the back deep red posteriorly, is Cassicus hannorrkous, Oriolus hcemor- 

 rhous L., Buff. PI. enl. 482, Cuv., li. Ani., ed. ill., Ois. PI. 37, fig. i. 

 LiNN^Us referred the species known to him to the genns Oriolus. They 

 are all from South America. 



Icterus Cuv. {Oriolus Illig., add Xantliornus Cuv.) Bill 

 of various length, acuminate, with culmen produced into a narrow 

 angle above the plumes of forehead. Nostrils basal, oval, covered 

 bj membrane. Wings with second, third and fourth quills sub- 

 equal, third mostly longest of all. Tail rounded or graduated, 

 somewhat long. 



a) With hill straight. Icterus Cuv. (add Yphantes Vieill.) 



Sp. Icterus vulgaris Daud., Oriolus Icterus L., Buff, PI. enl. 532; le 

 troupiale; back and belly yellow, head, neck, breast and tail black, with 

 white spots on the wings; in South America, and occasionally in the 

 southern countries of North America. 



b) With hill curved. Xanthornus Cuv. (and Pendulinus Vieill.) 



Sp. Icterus bonana Daud., Oriolus honana L., Buff, PI. enl. 535, fig. r, 

 &c. 



Chalcophanes Wagl,, [Qmscalus Vieill.). Bill moderate, 

 curved, acute at the tip, with culmen rounded and produced some- 

 what amongst the plumes of the forehead. Nostrils basal, placed 

 in a fossa. "Wings with nine primaries, second quill or second 

 and third longest of all. Tail long, cuneate, concave. 



Sp. Chalcophanes quiscula, Gracula quiscula L., Quiscalus versicolor Vieill., 

 Oal. PI. 108, Wilson Amer. Ornith. PI. 21, fig. 4 (Buff. PI. enl. 646 

 var.) ; — Chalcophanes major, Quisccdus major Bonap. Continuat. of Wilson 

 PI. 4, &c. Most of the species of this genus are North American. 



Scaphidurus Swains., Cassidix Less. 

 Sp. Quiscalus aterYimhij. , Gray Gen. of Birds, PL Lxxxiv. &c. 



Scolecophagus Swains. 



Lam-profornis Temm. Bill mostly moderate (more rarely a 

 little longer than head), with culmen convex, keeled, produced 

 between the plumes of forehead, with tip compressed, emarginate. 



