AVES. 501 



105, the reed-hunting; on the back and wings brown, belly white; the 

 adult male has the head and the throat dark-black. — Emheriza Iwriulana L., 

 Buff. PI. enl. 247, fig. i, Nadm. Taf. 103; the ortolan hunting, &c. 



b) With 2iosterior claw surpassing hallux in length, somcivhat straight. ( Wings 

 with first three quills suiequal, fourth shorter.) 



Plectrophanes Meyer, Brehm. 



Sp. Emheriza nivalis L., Buff. PI. enl. 497, fig. i, 511, fig. 2, Naum. Taf. 



106, 107; the snow-hunting ; — Emheriza calcarata Temm., Fringillalaponica 

 L., Naum. Taf. 108, Selby Linn. Trans. 1827, Tab. i. pp. 156 — 160, 

 Graba in OfeEN's Isis, 1832, s. 18 (description of the nest and the eggs). 

 These birds make their nests in the north in fissures of rocks ; in winter, 

 especially in severe frosts, they visit temperate countries, and feed on seeds 

 of plants and insects. Their plumage is very different at different periods 

 of their life, and, when adult, in their winter- and summer-dress ; hence the 

 first species appears under two different names in Gmelin. 



Note. — Here are to be placed some genera of modern writers: 

 Fringillaria Swains., Guhernatrix Less. {Lophocorythus Gray), &c. 



Cissopis ViEiLL., Bethylus Cuv. Bill short, thick, with culmen 

 convex, tip hooked, inflected, compressed, emarginate ; lower 

 mandible romided, inflated, with tip ascending. Nostrils basal, 

 lateral, oval. Wings short, with third, fourth and fifth quills 

 subequal, third longest of all. Tail graduated, elongate. (Is this 

 its place?) 



Sp. Cissopis hicolor Vieill., Lanius pnscatoriiis Lath., Vieill, Gal. des Ois. 

 PI. 140, Less. Ornith. PI. 46, fig. 2 ; South America. Cuvier placed 

 this bird as a sub-genus with Lanius; according to Gray and others it 

 ought to be arranged in the neighbourhood of Tanagra. 



Procnias HoFFMANSEGG, Illig., Temm., Tersa Vieill., Gray. 

 Bill short, keeled, depressed at the base, broad, compressed at the 

 tip, subhooked, emarginate, with gape ample. Nostrils basal, 

 placed at the culmen of bill, margiuate. Tarsus equalling middle 

 toe. Wings with first three quills subequal, second and third 

 longest of all. Tail subemarginate, short. 



Sp. Procnias ventralis Illig., Ampelis tersa L., Temm. PI. col. PL 5, Guer. 

 Iconogr., Ois. PI. 8, fig. 6 (fig. of the bill) ; Brasil. 



Tanagra L.', Thraujns BoiE. Bill short, subtrigonal at the 

 base, with culmen declivous towards the tip; upper mandible 



^ Tangara is a Brasilian name for some si^ecies of this genus. 



