AYES. 515 



Bessonornis Smith. {Gossyjiha Vigors). Bill short. Wings with 

 fourth, fifth and sixth quills subequal, the fifth longest of all. Tarsi 

 elongate. Tail somewhat long, ample, graduated or rounded. (A 

 genus scarcely distinct from the preceding.) 



Sp. Bessonornis Sioainsoni Bonap., Petrocincla albicapilla Swainson, Birds 

 of W. Afr. I. PI. 32 ; — Bessonornis voclfcrans, Turdus reclamator Vieill. 

 — Bessonornis semirufa, Rueppell Syst. Uebers. der Vogel Nord-0. Afr. 

 1845, PI. 21, &c. 



Note. — Add genus Thamnohia Swains, in part, Thamnolcea Caban. 

 They who would unite these three genera will scai'cely, in my 

 opinion, violate the natural method. 



Sp. Copsyclms alhiscapidatus, Saxicola albiscapulata Rueppell, Neue Wirbel- 

 thiere, Tab. 26, fig. i.' (Comp. Turdus cinnamomeiventris Lafeesn., Guek. 

 Magas. de Zool. 1836, Ois. PI. 55, 56.) 



Turdus L. (exclusive of some species). Bill moderate or 

 shorter than head. Nostrils basal, lateral, oval. A few bristles at 

 the angle of mouth. Wings with third and fourth quills, sometimes 

 with fifth also, subequal, the third and fourth longest of all. Tail 

 moderate, even. 



The thrushes. These birds feed on insects and worms, in autumn on 

 berries also. They live mostly in woods, and lay from 4 to 7 light-green 

 eggs, commonly spotted with brown or red. The species of Holland and 

 the North of Germany are for the most part birds of passage, but these 

 same species Hve over the winter in the South of Europe, 



Sp. Turdus musicus L., Buff. PI. enl. 406, Naum. Taf. 66, fig. 2 ; the song- 

 thrush or throstle, la grive, die Slng-drossel ; — Turdus pilaris L., Buff. PI. 

 enl. 490, Naum. Taf. 67, fig. 2 ; the fieldfare, &c. These two species are 

 greyish, ruddy-brown above, whitish with black spots below. — Turdus me- 

 rula L., Buff. PI. enl. 2 male, 555 fem., Naum. Taf. 71, Less. Ornith. 

 PI. 38, fig. I male; the blackbird, la merle, die Amsel; the male black with 

 a yellow bill, the female brownish. 



Oreocincla Gould. Bill moderate, strong, with culmen curved. 

 Tail moderate, rounded, with 14 feathers. 



Sp. Turdus varius Pall. Zoogr. Russo-Asiat, l. 499; central Asia, Japan, 

 occasional in Europe ; in this species the third flag-feather is the longest ; 

 in a very similar species from Java, Turdus lunulatus Lath., Sundev., on 

 the contrary, the fourth and fifth flag-feathers are the longest. 



Monticola BoiE, Petrocincla Vigors. Bill moderate, with tip 

 curved. Points of wings produced beyond the half of tail. 



Sp. Turdus saxatilis L., Buff. PI. enl. 562, Naum. Taf. 73, Diet. univ. d'llisf. 

 not., Ois. PI. 18, fig. 2. 



33—2 



