634 CLASS xvii. 



of it are found from time to time. (See M. Van Makum Natuurk, Ver- 

 handel. van de Maatsch. der Wetensch. te Haarlem, xiii. 1824, bl. ■213 — 304 

 with figure.) Throughout Asiatic Russia, especially in the most northern 

 parts of Siberia, such remains are so abundant that the number of elephants 

 now living has been estimated, not without apparent probability, as less 

 than that of those whose remains are dispersed throughout the regions 

 mentioned. Near the mouth of the Lena the frozen body of an elephant 

 was found in 1805, covered with hairy skin, whose two tusks weighed 

 together 300 pounds, (A more recent example of an entire skeleton with 

 the soft parts preserved in part, found in Siberia, even permitted a micro- 

 scopic examination of the tissues ; see Glebofp Bullet, de la Soc. imp. de 

 Moscou, XIX. 2, 1846, pp. 108 — 134.) 



Compare on this subject especially Cuvier Mem,, sur les EUphants vivans 

 et fossiles, Ann. duMus. viii. pp. i — 58, pp. 93 — 155, pp. 149 — 269, and 

 Jtech. sur les Ossem. fossil, i. 3ifeme ^dit. pp. i — 204 ; and, for many species 

 more recently discovered in the sub-Himalayan hiUs, Cautley and Fal- 

 coner Fauna antiqua Sivalensis, with fig. 



Phalanx II. Perissodactyla Owen. Ungulates with odd num- 

 ber of toes on the hind feet at least. 



In this group the dorso-lumbar vertebrae are never fewer than 

 twenty-two. The femur has a third trochanter. The fore part of 

 the astragalus is divided into two very unequal fa9ettes. The 

 middle toe is large and symmetrical. If the species be horned, the 

 horn (one or two) is placed in the mid line of the head. The 

 crown of from one to three of the hinder premolars is generally as 

 complex as those of the molars. The stomach is simple, the ccecum 

 large and sacculated. See Owen On the Ripfopotamus, with an 

 attempt to develope Cuviee's idea of the Classification of Pachyderms 

 by the number of the toes, Journal of the Geol. Soc. of London, iv, 

 1848, pp. 103 — 294, and the same On the characters, principles of 

 division, and primary groups of the class Mammalia in Proceed, of 

 Linn. Soc. Vol. il No. 5, 1857, pp. 27, 28, 



Family XI. Nasicorma Illig., Pachydermata Blainv. Incisors 

 persistent in both jaws in some, in some disappearing from age ; 

 canines none ; molars tuberculate, the crown marked by exsert 



7 — 7 

 emmences, mostly - — - . Feet tridactylous, with all the toes in- 

 sistent, ungulate. Single horn or two horns placed one behind the 

 other in the midle of muzzle and of forehead. Skin thick, thinly 

 haired, marked by deep folds. 



Rhinoceros L. (Characters of the family those also of the 

 single genus. Crown of the upper molars subquadrate, with two 



