MAMMALIA. 635 



transverse eminences, joined by a crest to tlie outer margin ; crown 

 of the lower elongate, narrower, with two lunate lines convex out- 

 wards. Horn or horns without any bone, composed of longitudinal 

 fibres closely compacted, as of concrete hairs.) Two mammas 

 inguinal. 



The rhinoceroses are heavy animals with a long head and a short tail ; 

 they live, like the elephants, in the warmest countries of the old world. 

 At the feet is a gland, which appears to have been first discovered by 

 Owen ; it opens on the posterior surface, just as a similar gland opens on 

 the anterior surface in sheep (see below). The villi of the small intestine 

 are very large. The intestinal canal is eight times as long as the body. 

 The large intestine is very wide and forms several saccules at its commence- 

 ment. See Owen On the Anatomy of the Indian Rhinoceros, Transactions 

 of the Zoolog. Soc. iv. pp. 31—58, PI. 9 — 22. 



The names of Rhinoceros unicornis and iicornis (LiNN. Syst. nat. ed. X, 

 et XII.) can be no longer retained, since more than one species is known 

 both of those with one and of those with two horns. 



a) With incisor teeth in hothjaws. 



Sp. Rhinoceros indicus Cuv., Rhinoceros unicornis L., Menag. du Mus. 4il. 

 i2mo, II. pp. Ill — 14s, Buff. Hist. nat. xi. PI. 7, Guerin Iconogr., 

 Mamm. PI. 37, fig. 3. The skeleton in CuviER Ann. du Mus. iii. pp. 

 32 — 52 with figures, Pandek u. D'Alton die SJcelete der Pachyderm., 

 Tab. VIII. — Rhinoceros sondaicus Horsfield, Desmar., Rhinoceros javanus 

 Cuv. {R. Ani. sec. ed.), Wagn., Horsfield Zool. Researches in Java, No. 

 VI. (with fig., copied in Schreb. Sdugth. Tab. 317 e), Sal. Mueller 

 Natuurk. Verh. over de Overzeesche Bezittingen, Mamm. PI. 33 ; at Java, 

 perhaps also at Borneo. — These two species have only one horn. Two- 

 horned is Rhinoceros sumatrensis Cuv., Rhinoceros sumatranus Eaffl., 

 Wagn., W. Bell Phil. Trans, for the year 1793 (with figures of the 

 animal and of the skull), Geoffr. St.-Hil. et F. Cuvier Mammif. Livr. 

 47 (copied in Schreber's Sdugthiere, Tab. 317 g), Sal. Mueller 1. 1. PI. 

 34 ; the smallest of the known species. In all these species there are four 

 incisors in both jaws, at least when yoiing, of which in older individuals 

 usually two alone persist, especially in the upper jaw. The two small in- 

 cisors are placed in the upper jaw on the outside, in the lower on the inside 

 of the large ones. The small teeth, as it seems, are permanently concealed 

 in the gum. 



b) With incisor teeth in loicer jaio latent, small, in upper jaio none or dis- 

 appearing early. {Head ohtuse, with molar teeth advancing nearly to ike 

 extremity of hothjaws. Two horns.) 



Sp. Rhinoceros africanus Camper, Cuv., Rhinoceros hicornis L., P. Campeb 

 De cranio Rhinocerotis africani, cornu gemino. Act. Acad. Petropol. 1777, 

 P. 2, pp. 193 — 210, Natuurl: Verhandelingen over den Orang outang, over 

 den Rhinoceros met duhhelen horen en over het rendier. Amsterdam, i78'2, 

 4to; (Euvres, i. pp. 197 — 290 (with figures of the head and skull; see also 



