636 CLASS XYII. 



a figure of the skull after Camper in Blumenb. Abb. naturhist. Gegenst. 

 No. 7 a), Buff. Hist, nat., Sujiplem. vi. PI. 6 (with description by Alla- 

 MANd). This species is very dangerous by night for travellers, and has an 

 acute sense of hearing and still more acute of smelling; Lichtenstein's 

 Reisen, I. s. 583. Prof. G. Vrolik was the first who shewed that in this 

 African species also there are four small incisors in the lower jaw, which 

 however do not come into view from the guui, and in older individuals 

 commonly fall away either wholly or in part. Bljdragen tot de natuurh. 

 Wetensch. V. bl. 377 — 385, with a figure. In recent times other two-horned 

 Afi'ican rhinoceroses have been announced as distinct species. Rhinoceros 

 simus BuRCHELL, A. Smith Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, 

 London, 1849, 4^'^j ^^- ^^^- ^°* 



There are various fossil species of Rhinoceros. To these belongs Rhino- 

 ceros tichorhinus Gov., Rhinoceros Pallasii Desm. from the diluvial period, 

 of which remains are found here and there in Europe, but especially in 

 Sibei'ia, where in 1751 3' nearly entire specimen of this species covered 

 with its skin was dug out from the ice. See also Brandt .De Rhinocerotis 

 antiqnitatis structura externa et osieologica, 31 cm. de I'Acad. imp. de St. 

 Petersb. Vlifeme Serie, Sc. math. phys. et nat. Tome Vii. 1849, pp. 161 — 416, 

 c. 25 tab. lithogr. This species had two horns and, like the Afi'ican species, 

 no persistent incisors. In the tertiary formations also, of various anti- 

 quity, remains of the rhinoceros have been found, ex. gr. Rhinoceros 

 incisivus Cuv. Compare Cuvier Ann. du Mus. vii. Rech. sur les Ossem. 

 fossiles, II. pp. I — 93, DuvERNOT Archives du Mus. vii. 1853, pp. i — 144, 

 PI. I — VIII. &c. 



It would seem that in the neighbourhood of Rhinoceros ought to be 

 placed the fossil animal, to which Fischer has given the name of Elasmo- 

 therium, and of which only a portion of the lower jaw is known . 



2 

 Family XII. Lamnungia Illig. Incisor teeth j , canines none, 



molars or . Fore feet tetradactylous, hind feet tridac- 



7-7 6-6 "^ 



tylous. Hoofs small, flat, with the exception of the claw, which 



adheres to the inner toe of the hind feet, and is curved, oblique. 



Hyrax Hermann, Illig., Cuv., Cavia L,, species of Cavia 

 Pallas. Characters of the family those also of the single genus. 

 Body hairy. Bristles on the face around the nostrils and above the 

 orbits. Some long setge, scattered amongst the shorter hair of the 

 body. Tubercle in place of tail. A single small false molar on 

 each side (or canine) deciduous. Crown of upper molars with two 

 eminences joined by a crest to the outer margin ; crown of lower 

 molars with two lunate lines, convex outwards. 



Sp. Hyrax capensis Schreb., Sdiigih. Tab. 240, Cavia capensis Pall. Misc. 

 Zool. pp. 30—47, Tab. 3, 4, Spied. Zool. Fasc. 11. pp. 16—32; Vosmaer 



