MAMMALIA. 645 



which in males becomes highly vascular during the rutting season, and 

 often comes to view from the mouth between the canine and the molars. 

 (EuDOLHi's Physiol, ii. i, s. 84, Mater's Analecten zur vergl. Anat. 2te 

 Sammlung, Bonn, 1839, s. 42 — 44). Compare on the anatomy G. H. 

 RiCHTER Analecta ad anatomen Cameli dromedarii spectantia, Eegiomonti, 

 1824, 8vo. 



Camelus hactrianus L., Bdff. xi. PI. 22, Menag. du Mus. I. pp. 31 — 

 41 (with fig. copied in Cuv. R. Ani., ed. ill, Mammif. PL 85, fig. i); the 

 two-humped camel, already named by Aristoteles Camelus iactrianus 

 (1. 1.). Compare Fr. Mueller and C. Wedl Beitrdge zur Anatomie des 

 zweibucJceligen Kameeles, Mit 5 lith. Tafeln, Wien, 1852 (printed separately 

 from the 3rd Vol. of the Denhschr. der math.- naturw, CI. der Kaiserl. Akad. 

 der Wissenschaften). 



Camel (in Greek t] (and 6) KaiiyfKoi) is a name borrowed from the lan- 

 guages of the East, Gamal Hebr., Gimal or Jemal Arabic. These animals 

 feed on dry and prickly plants, are moderate, and drink seldom. They are 

 rapid in their course and bear large burdens (from 600 to 1000 pounds). 

 Hence they are of inestimable service in the great deserts which extend 

 from Arabia, through Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, where no fresh plant 

 cools, no fountain gives fertility, and the wind acting on the dry whirl- 

 pools produces the effect of an interminable ocean of sand. The ship of the 

 desert is with great propriety the name which the Arabians have given this 

 useful animal. 



These animals endure a pretty moderate climate, especially the two- 

 humped camel, which is dispersed over Asia up to high latitudes. That 

 with a single hump lives chiefly in Arabia and Egypt in the country of the 

 date-palms. There is at Pisa a stud of single-humped camels, which has 

 been maintained since the middle of the seventeenth century. No longer 

 are they found anywhere in a wild state. The two species breed together, 

 producing a spurious offspring, which again is sometimes prolific like the 



mule. 



5 5 



Auchenia Illig., La/ma Cuv., Lacma Tiedem. Molar teeth :; 7. 



4 — 4 



Back without hump. Sole cloven as far as the middle of fore-part. 



Ears somewhat long, acuminate. 



The lamas, which represent the camels in the New World, live together in 

 troops on the mountains of Chili and Peru. They are much smaller than 

 camels. Compare on the anatomy especially C. Christen Diss, inaug. 

 sistens de Lama oiservationes nonnullas anat., Tubingse, 1827, 8vo, and 

 J. F. Brandt Beitrdge zur Kenntniss des Banes dei' innern Weichtheile des 

 Lama, Mem. de I'Acad. imper. des Sc. de St-Petcrshourg, vi. S^rie, Tome IV. 

 Mit 17 Steintafeln, St. Petersburg, 1841, 4to. 

 Sp. Camelus glama L., Aucheyiia lama Brandt, Wagn. (and Auchenia 

 huanaco auct.^) Buff. Suppl. vi. PI. 27 (cop. in Schreb. Sdugth. Tab. 



^ Here also is usually referred as a race or variety the Alpaca, Camelus Pacos L.; 

 Von Tschudi, on the other hand, adopts four species : Auchenia lama, A. Huanaco, 

 A. Alpaco and A. Vicunia, 



