648 CLASS XVII. 



fig. I ; the elk, the largest species of this genus, equalling almost the 

 horse ] the tail is short, legs high, flat broad horns, large and palmated. 

 This species is found in the north of both hemispheres, in Russia, Poland, 

 Sweden and Norway, but not in Lapland in the high North ; (the reindeer 

 begins to appear where the residence of the elk ceases). — Cervus Tarandus 

 L., Buff. Suppl. iii. PI. i8 bis, Schkeb. Scmgth. Tab. 258 c, d, Cuv. R. 

 ani., ed. ill., Mammif. PI. 87, fig. 2 ; the reindeer; the horns, which form 

 many branches terminating broad at the extremity, occur in both sexes ; they 

 are smaller in the female; the hoofs are broad and flat; the throat has 

 long, dependent hairs. The reindeer lives on dried leaves, and espe- 

 cially on the reindeer-moss (Lichen rangiferiniis L.); it forms the chief 

 wealth of the Laplandei-s, who by means of it supply all their wants of 

 food, clothing and furniture ; every well-appointed family of Laplanders 

 possesses at least 300 head of reindeer. The skulls of this species often 

 present remarkable differences^. Compare on the reindeer C. F. Hoff- 

 BEBG in Linn. Ammn. Acad. iv. pp. 144—168, and P. Camper Natuurk. 

 Verhandelingen, Amsterdam, 1782 (CEuvres de P. Camper i. pp. 291 — 353), 

 ScHREBER Sdugth. V. s. 1028 — 1074. — Cervus Dama L., Buff. vi. PI. 27, 

 28, ScHBEB. Sdugth. Tab. 249, Bonap. Faun. Ital. I., Mammif. PI. 6, 

 Dama platyceros ; the falloiv-deer ; the male with branched horns, flattened 

 and palmate above ; the winter-coat brown one-coloured, the summer-coat 

 ruddy with white spots, the tail longer than in most of the deer, black 

 above, white below ; in the South of Italy, Sardinia, Spain, North Africa, 

 at Tunis, &c. ; now dispersed over many countries, especially of the South 

 of Europe. — Numerous are the species with cylindrical horns; Cervus 

 Elaphus L., Buff. vi. PL 9, 10, 12, Schreb. Sdugth. Tab, 247, Brandt 

 u. Ratzebueg Mediz. Zool. 1. Tab. vi. Cuv. R, Ani., ed. ill., Mammif. 

 PI. 88, fig. 2 ; the stag, le ccrf commun, der Edelhirsch; in the forests of 

 Europe and Asia.;— Cervus capreolus L., Buff. VI. PI. 32, 33, Schreb. 

 Sdugth. Tab. 252, Cuv. 1. 1. fig. i ; the roe, roe-deer, le Chevreuil, das 

 Reh; — Cerv. virginianus Gm., Schreb. Sdugth. Tab, 247 H, Guer. Iconogr., 

 Mammif. PI. 42, fig. 3. — On the Sunda Islands a small species is found 

 with large rose-stocks and small horns, which has canines in the upper jaw 

 projecting from the mouth in the male ; there are no tufts of hair (scopw) 

 at the hind feet : Cervus Muntjac Zimmerm., Gmel., Horsp., Zool. Research. 

 No. VI. The same or a nearly allied species also occurs in Bengal (Che- 

 vreuil des hides Allamand, Buff. Sup]jl. vi. PI. 26, Cervus stylocerus 

 Wagn. in Schreb. Sdugth.). On these species rests the sub-genus Cervulus 

 Blainv, 



In the newer tertiary and diluvial deposits different species of deer have 

 been discovered ; amongst these is Cervus giganfeus Blumenbaoh, Mega- 

 ceros hibernicus Owen; the distance between the points of the horns in 

 this deer is eight feet or more. See Cuv. RecJi. s. les Oss. foss. iv. pp. 70 

 — 88, Owen Brit. foss. Mamm. pp. 444 — 468. (Certain skulls which have 

 been since found shew that the horns were absent in the female.) 



^ Compare W. Vrolik Over eene vermoedelijk tweede sooH van Rendier, met afheel- 

 dingen; Nicuwe Vcrh. van de Eerste Klasse van het Koninkl. Nederl. Instituut, 11. 

 Deel. 



