650 CLASS XVII. 



of an osseous nucleus and a liorny slieatli, persistent. Accessoiy 

 hoofs in several. 



The Ibollow-lwrned Ruminants. In this family the horns consist of a 

 bony core and a horny case which covers the bone. The horny in- 

 vestment is produced by a papillary layer (as matrix) on the core (which 

 under this layer is covered by corium and periosteum). Here grow 

 the hairs, which concreting into horny substance, form annually a new 

 ring. In various species of Antelope the bony nucleus has no internal 

 cavity; in others, in the ox and goat genera the nucleus is hollow inter- 

 nally and the cavities are in connexion with the frontal sinuses. The 

 first horny case, which is hairy, shreds off in the second year; after this 

 the horns become smoother. Compare on these horns Sandifort in his 

 work cited above, pp. 14 — 19, and especially A. NuMAN Bijdrage tot de 

 ontleedkundif/e en physiologische hennis der horens van het Rundvee, Nieuwe 

 Verhandelinyen der Eerste Klasse van het Koninhl. Nederl. Instituut, xiii. 

 Dl. 3e Stuk, 1847; see also G-. Vrolik Over liet verscJiil van de imvendige 

 gesteldlieid der horenfritten hij Antilopen, Verhandelingen der KoninHijke 

 Ahademie, I. 1853. 



All the animals of this family form, as appears from their teeth and 

 their whole structure, only a single large natural group, of which LiNN^us 

 distributed the species known to him amongst the genera Bos, Capra and 

 Ovis. Afterwards Pallas separated the antelopes from the genus Capra, 

 Miscell, Zool. pp. i, 1. The antelopes now form the most numerous division 

 of the entire order. In this family of ruminants the gall-bladder is present, 

 which is wanting in the deers. 



On the arrangement Ogilbt {Transact, of the Zool. Sac. Vol. in. Pt. i. 

 1842, pp. 33 — 36), J. E. Gray {Ann. and Mag. of nat. Hist. Vol. 18, 

 1846, pp. 227—233) and Turner (ib. Sec. Ser. Vol. 8, 185 1, pp. 409 — 425) 

 have treated ; comp. also Sdndevall op. laud. 



Dicranocerus Hamilton Smith, Dicranoceras Wiegm., Anti- 

 locapra Okd. Horns in males compressed at the base, curved at 

 the point, with accessory branch porrect, subulate above the base ; 

 in females tubercles instead of horns. Lachrymal sinuses none. 

 Accessory hoofs none. Tail short. 



Sp. Dicranocerus furcifer, Antilocapra americana Ord, Cervus hamaius 

 Blainv., Hamilton Smith Transact, of the Linn. Soc. xiii. 1822, p. 28, 

 Tab. II., Richardson Faun, horeali Amer. i. pp. 261 — 268; of the size of 

 a goat, colour grey-yellow ; the hair is dry and stiff, like that of a deer, 

 with which this animal in the tail also and even in the horns shews some 

 correspondence; it lives in large plains of North America up to 53° N. L; 

 the prong-horned antelope. 



Antilope Pall, (in part). Horns in both sexes or in males 

 only, variously bent, annulate or folded at the base, towards the 

 point round, smooth. The osseous nucleus sometimes solid. 



