MAMMALIA. 659 



destitute of horns (see Menag. du Mus. i. pp. 235 — 255, 11. pp. 218 — 223, 

 Cuv. R. AnL, ed. ill., Mammif. PI. 94, fig. r, V. Pabst, PI. 2, s. 21). 

 This variety is met with in Arabia, Persia, the continent of India and 

 some parts of Africa. The cattle of the Dutch East-Indian colonists are 

 for the most part of this race, partly from crosses of this with the Sunda 

 ox, Bos sondaicus S. Mueller Verh. over de nat. Geschiedenis der Nederl. 



Overzeescke Bczittingen, Mamm. PI. 35 — 39; with the Javanese Banfang 



On the continent of India (and, m former times at least, also in Ceylon) is a 

 different species. Bos frontalis Lambert, Bos gcuvceus. Bos gaurus, Smith. 



To the same division of this genus belongs also a species occurring in 

 diluvial deposits, from which, according to the opinion of Cuvier, our ox 

 has descended. See Ann. dio Mus. xii. p. 333 et suiv. This, however, is 

 not beyond doubt ; but that those remains belong to a species (Bos primi- 

 genius Bojan.), which lived contemporaneously with man, has been asserted 

 by NiLSON, and there is all probability that this was not different from 

 Bos urus, which was formerly dispersed through the forests of Germany 

 and which was recorded by C^sar. 



In the Bisons the horns are situated in front of the sharp line which 

 divides the forehead from the descending part of the skull ; the forehead is 

 convex and broad, there are fourteen pairs of ribs, whilst Bos faurus has 

 only thirteen.- — Bos bison L., Nilson, Bos iirus Bojan. Compare Boja- 

 Nus De uro nostrate ejusqits sceleto commentatio, 1825, in Nov. Act. Acad. 

 Cces. Leop. Carol, xiii. 2, pp. 414 — 478, Tab. 20, Eichvtald Natur- 

 Mstorische STcizze von Lithauen, Volhynien und Podolien, Wilna, 1830, 4to, 

 pp. 241 — 253 (with figure opposite the title-page). This animal, formerly 

 dispersed throughout Germany, nay even in the South of Sweden, now 

 lives only in the marshy forest Bialowesha in Lithuania, and in the Cau- 

 casus. (EiCHWALD Fauna Caspio- Caucasia, 1841, pp. 40, 41). That Bos 

 americanvs Gmel., (Cnv. B. Ani., ed. ill., Mammif. PL 94, fig. 2) differs 

 from it only slightly, is generally admitted, and whether there be sufficient 

 ground for the adoption of a specific difference is doubted by some; G. 

 J^GER Wiirtemb. naturwissenschaftUche Jakreshefte , ill. 1847, P- ^T^j ^• 

 1854, pp. 204 — 209. 



Bos huhalis L., Buff. xi. PI. 25, Schreb. Saugth. Taf. 300 A, Guerin 

 Iconogr., Mammif. PI. 45, fig. 3, Brandt u. Eatzeb. Mediz. Zool. 1. Tab. 

 X. the buffalo ; the horns are directed outwards and with a longitudinal 

 projecting line. This species is originally from India, and was brought 

 into Italy in the seventh century. The buffalo is peculiarly adapted for 

 draught ; its skin is highly valued, but its flesh is much inferior to that of 

 the ox. In India there lives a variety of this species with very large horns, 

 known by the name of Bos ami; see the head figured in Blumenbach 

 Abbildungen naturhist. Gegenst. No. 6^. At Java and others of the Sunda 

 Islands the buffalo does not occur wild, but has returned to the wild state, 

 and was perhaps introduced there with the cultivation of rice. It is the 

 Karbau of the Malays ; see S. Mueller Verhandel. &c. op. cit. PL 40. 



Bos caffer Sparrm., Gm., Schreb. Saugth. Tab. 301 ; the horns, placed 

 close together at the base, are very broad, rough and sinuously ringed ; the 

 tip curved upwards and inwards is smooth; this species lives to the east of 

 the Cape colony and in Mosambique. 



42—2 



