MAMMALIA. 671 



Tribe II. Philogwai. Molars witli root formed at a late period 

 only, long undivided, received in somewhat deep sockets. Orbital 

 process (anterior margin of orbit) placed over third molar tooth. 

 Soles of feet grooved, in other respects smooth. (Species from the 

 Eastern hemisphere.) 



Hystrix L. (in part), ILjstrix (and AcantMon) F. Cuv. (add 

 genus Atherura F. Cuv,). Hind feet with five unguiciilate toes. 

 Tail not prehensile. 



Sp. Hystrix cristata L., Buff. xii. PI. 51, 52, Schreb. Sdugth. Tab. 167, 

 fig. I, GuEB. Iconogr., Mamrnif. PI. 30, fig. i; the porcupine, le pore-epic, 

 das Sfachelschwein; long bristly hair on the back of the head and neck; 

 the spines on the back long, with black and white rings ; tail short, pro- 

 vided as in some other species with hollow, horny tubes fastened on thin 

 stems, which at first are closed at the end, but afterwards become open by 

 use, and when moved make a rattling sound. This species is found iu 

 Italy, Spain and the North of Africa. A very similar species occurs in 

 South-Africa, but presents some difference in the cranium, Hystrix Africce 

 Australis Peters Reise nach Mossambique, i. Saugth. s. 170, Tab. 32, figs. 

 6, 7, A third allied species occurs on the continent of India, Hystrix 

 hirsutirostris Brandt, Hystrix leucurus Stkes. — Hystrix javanica, Acan- 

 tMon javanicum F, Gov., with awl-shaped, brown spines yellow at the base 

 and tip, &c. 



In other species the tail is long, covered w-ith rings of scales, and fur- 

 nished at the extremity with a bunch of flat, sinuous and tortuous bristles : 

 Hystrix mccrouralu., Hystrix fasciculata Shaw (Waterhouse distinguishes 

 three species here.) 



Family XXV. Falmi])edia s. Gastorma. Incisors smooth in 



4 — 4 



front, coloured. Molars j— ^ complex, with four folds of enamel, 



the upper with three external, one internal; the lower with one 

 external, three internal. Feet pentadactylous, hinder palmate. 

 Ears small, rounded. (Clavicles distinct.) 



Castor L. All the toes of hind feet connected by membrane. 

 Second toe with two oblique claws. Tail depressed, oval, scaly. 



1 — 1 1 — 1 3 — 3 



Dent. form. Owen, i. j—^ , p. — — - , m. :^— ^ = 20. 



Sp. Castor Fiber L., Buff. Tome viii. PI. 36, Scheeb. Sdugth. Tab. 175, 

 Diet. univ. d'Hist. nat., Mamrnif. Pl. 9 a bis, fig. i ; the skeleton figured 

 in Pander and D'Alton Vergl. Osteal, v. Tab. 11. ; the beaver, le castor, 

 der Biber; attains a length of 2^ to 3 feet, without the tail; reddish or 

 yellow-brown. These beavers, now repelled within nan-ower limits, live 



