MAMMALIA. 711 



•3-3 1-1 

 tuberculate. (Dent. torm. Uwen, i. q^o? ^' ^ _^ ? 



.. 1^ = 42.) 



a) Vuljpes. Pupil ohlony. Tail moderate, brushed ivith hair. 



Sp. Canis Zerda Zimmerm., Canis Cerdo Gm., Megalotis Zerdo Illig., Fen- 

 necus JBrucei Desmar., Encycl. meth., Mammif. PI. io8, fig. 4, Rueppell 

 Zool. Atlas, Tab. 11. ; light Isabel- coloured ; white below ; very long ears ; 

 the tail above at the base and at tip blackish ; lives in the sandy plains of 

 Nubia. This small species was formerly regarded by some as a Viverra, 

 by Geoffrot, on account of its long ears, as a species of Otolicnus, but 

 has now found its true place in the canine genus. Compare also F. S. Leuc- 

 KART in Oken's Isis, 1825, pp. 2 1 1 foil. (With Otocyon this animal agrees 

 in the long ears only ; it does not differ in the teeth from the other 

 species of dog.) Allied to it is Canis famelicus, Rueppell Zool. Atlas, 

 Tab. 5, from the same district. 



Canis viverrinusTEmi., Nyctereutes viverrinus Temminck, Fauna Japan., 

 Mamm. p. 40, Tab. 8 ; a small species with shorter very thickly-haired 

 tail, short ears ; grey-brown ; on the top of the head pale yellow ; the tail 

 and the legs blackish. (In the teeth I can find no difference that indicates 

 a distinct genus ; the skeleton has 14 pairs of ribs and 6 lumbar vertebrae, 

 whilst the rest of the species of dog have 1 3 pairs of ribs and 5 lumbar 

 vertebrae. ) 



Canis Lagopus L. (and Canis Isatis Gmel., Thienem.), Schreb. Sdugth. 

 Tab. 93, TiLESius Nov. Act. Acad. Cobs. Nat. Curios, xi. 1823, Tab. 47, 

 pp. 275 — 388; ih.e isatis, pool- or ijsvos; very short, round ears; the feet 

 much haired below, in summer grey or dirty brown, in winter white; 

 length of the head and trunk 2 , taU i' ; this species lives in Lapland, 

 Iceland, Siberia, Kamschatka and North America. The skin is sought 

 for as a fur, especially that of a lead-coloured or bluish-brown variety. 



Canis Vulpes L., Buff. vii. PI. 4, Schreb. Sdugth. Tab. 90, Guer. 

 Iconogr., Mammif. PI. 16, fig. i, the fox j a little larger than the preceding 

 species ; triangular pointed ears ; colour ruddy brown ; commonly the tip 

 of the tail is white, sometimes black (Canis alopiex L.). This species is 

 with some varieties met with throughout the whole of Europe, North 

 Africa, North Asia and North America {Canis fulvus Desmar.). It is 

 a circumspect animal, digging holes; from its cunning a chief personage in 

 the fabulous tales of ancient and modern times. 



The strong-smelling secretion above the base of the taU (in a gland 

 which the huntsmen of Germany name Viole^) cannot any longer be con- 

 sidered as an important characteristic of foxes, now that Retzius has 

 discovered dermal glands in the same situation in the wolf also. See 

 Mueller's .4 cc/i-if, 1849, s. 429. 



1 G. F. D. Aus Dem Winckell Handbuch filr Jdger, 2te Auflage. Leipzig, 1822, 

 in. s. 65, 66, 70. 



