MAMMALIA. 755 



Iconogr., Mammif. PI. i, fig. i (and Semnopith. flavimanus Isid. Geopfr., 

 Lesson Centurle Zool. PI. 40), Sumatra, &c. 



See on the stomach in this genus above, p. 579. 



Hylohates Illig, Head small. Feet very long, the anterior, 

 when the body is erect, touching the ground. Tail none. 



The long-armed apes have been named Gibbons. They have a flat skull, 

 large orbits and very large canine teeth, especially those of the upper jaw. 

 To these belongs from further India Hylohates albimanus, Simia lar Gm. 

 (Homo lar L. Mantiss. plant. 2, p. 521), Buff. xiv. PI. 2 (and Hylohates 

 entelloides Isid. Geoffr., Arch, du Mus. 11. PI. i); — Hylohates syndactylus, 

 Simia syndactyla Rafpl., F. Cuv. Mammif. ed. 4to, PI. 1, Guerin 

 Iconogr., Mammif. PI. i, fig. 3 ; the Siamang at Sumatra, where also 

 Hyloh. variegatus Geoffr. (agilisY. Cuv.) occurs; at Borneo lives iTj/^o- 

 hates concolor; at Java Hylohates leuciscus Kuhl, Simia leucisca Schk., 

 AuDEB. Singes, 1. 1, PI. 2 ; (comp. on this species BoiE, Isis, 1828, s. 1027). 

 These animals live in troops on the tops of trees in the mountains, and 

 raise, especially towards morning, a loud, single-noted cry. 



"H" Butioclcs covered %vith hair. 



Simia Illig. Head large. Teeth, especially the canines, 

 strong. Fore feet longer than hind feet, reaching beyond the knee 

 when the body is erect. 



Sp. Simia satyrus L. (exclus. of synonjTnes under /3), the orang-outan; figures 

 of the young animal are to be found in Vosmaer Beschrijving van den 

 orang-outang, Amsterdam, 1778, 4to (copied in Blumenb. Ahh. Naturh. 

 Gegenst. No. 12), and in Audeb. Singes, i. i, PI. 2 ; — the best figure of 

 adult animal in Verhandel. over de Nederl. Overzeesche Bezittingen, Mamm. 

 PI. I . This ape occurs at Borneo and the eastern part of Sumatra. The 

 hair is ruddy brown ; the adult male has a projecting ridge behind the eyes 

 along the jaws ; the arms, when the animal is erect, reach nearly to the 

 heels ; often the thumb of the hind feet has no nail (which would seem, 

 according to Swinton, to be peculiar to the female). On the upper arm 

 the hair is, as usual, directed downwards, but on the fore-arm, from below 

 upwards, which is also the case in the Chimpanzee, and, in the preceding 

 genus, in Hylohates syndactylus. The resemblance of the orang to man has 

 been exaggerated, and in this the skulls of younger individuals, which 

 with less strongly developed face necessarily present a larger facial angle, 

 have been compared with the human skull. At present it is known that 

 the adult orang (Simia Wu7'mhii) possesses a skull of a peculiarly animal 

 form. This ape lives in low marshy regions. In the wild state the orang 

 eats chiefly fruits, especially figs, also fruit-buds and the young leaves of 

 various shrubs. It forms for itself a kind of nest in trees, though not on the 

 summit where it spends the day, but lower, about four feet from the 

 ground. In its nest it covers itself with leaves of trees, and, being very 

 sensible of cold, leaves its resting-place late in the morning, when the dew 

 and vapours have been dispersed by the sun. The organs of sense, with 



48—2 



