756 CLASS XVII. 



the exception of that of hearing, are not acute ; the eye seems to be short- 

 sighted. Except in the pairing season the old males live mostly alone; 

 of the adult orangs on the contrary, and of the females, often two or three 

 are found in company. The orang climbs rapidly, extending his hind legs 

 far apart to grasp the branches ; his progress on the ground is effected on 

 the fore legs, the animal trailing his hind legs after him. 



Compare on the orang, amongst others, P. Camper NatuiirTcundige 

 Verhandelingen, Amsterdam, 178-2, 4to, bl. i — i-jo, PI. i — 4; F. CuviER 

 Description d'un orang-outang et observ. sur ses facidtes inteUectuelles, A nn. 

 du Mus. XVI. pp. 46 — 65 ; Rudolphi Ueher den Orang-outang und Beweis 

 doss derselbe ein junger Pongo sei; Ahhandl. der Akad. der Wissensch. zu 

 Berlin, a. d. J. 1824, s. 131 — 136; Tiedemann Jlirn des Orang-outangs 

 mil dem des Menschen verglichen, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. 11. i, 17 — 28, Tab. iv. ; 

 J. C. G. Ldc^ Der Pongo- und Orang Schddel in Bezug auf Sjiecies und Alter, 

 Ahhandl. herausgegeb. von der Senckenb. Gesellsch. Frankf. a. Main, 1854, 

 8. 154 — 167; and especially S. Mueller and H. Schlegel in Verhandel. 

 over de nat. Gesch. der Nederl. Bezittingen, Zoogdieren, bl. i — 28, and G. 

 Sandifort Ontleedk. Beschrijving. ibid. bl. 29 — 56 (1840), and Owen's 

 writings, referred to under the Chimpanzee. 



Simia troglodytes Blumenb., Gmel., Blumenb. Abbild. Naturh. Gegenst. 

 No. II, GUER. Iconogr., Mammif. PI. i, fig. 2, Cdvier R. Ani., ed. ill,, 

 Mammif. PI. 1 1 ; Chimpanzee, dark-brown hair, the arms reach to the 

 knees only, the ears are very large ; in the west of tropical Africa, at 

 present driven further from the coast. Compare Tyson Orang-outang 

 sive Homo sylvestris, or the Anatomy of a Pigmie, London, 1699, 4**'- — 

 W.Vrolik Recherches d'Anatomie comparee sur le Chimpanse, Amsterdam, 

 184 1, folio (a capital work on the anatomy of monkeys in general), 

 E.. Owen On the Osteology of the Chimpanzee and Orang-utan, Transact, of 

 the Zool. Soc. I. 1855, pp. 343—379, PI. 48 — 56. 



Simia gorilla, Troglodytes gorilla Savage and Wyman, Isid. Geofpr. 

 Saint-Hilaire Ann. des Sc. nat., sifeme S^rie, xvi. 185 r, Zool. pp. 154 — 

 158, PI. 7. This species (the largest of the apes) attains a length of full 5 

 feet, has short posterior limbs, smaller ears than the preceding species. The 

 gorilla is found in the interior of Lower Guinea, near the line ; this species, 

 known to the Carthaginian voyager Hanno centuries before our era, waa 

 discovered not long ago by the missionary Savage (Boston Journal of 

 Nat. Hist, V. 1847, Description of the characters and habits of Troglodytes 

 Gorilla, and of the Osteology of the same, with 4 plates; translated in Ann. 

 des Sc. nat. 1.1. p. 176 et suiv.). Compare Owen Ostcol. Contributions to the 

 Nat. Hist, of the Chimpanzee, including the Description of the skull of a 

 large species, Troglodytes gorilla Savage, Transact, of the Zool. Soc. iii. 

 1849, pp. 381—422, PI. 58 — 62,, Description of the cranium of an adult 

 male Gorilla, &c. ibid. Vol. iv. Part 3, 1853, pp. 75—88; by the same, 

 Comparison of the skull of Troglodytes Gorilla tcith that of the Troglo- 

 dytes niger. Catalogue of the osteol. series in the Coll. of Surgeons, London, 

 II. 1853, pp. 782—784, and ivith that of a male Negro, ibid. pp. 785 — 802 ; 

 DuvERNOY Des caractires anatomiques des grands Singes pseudo-anthropo- 

 morphes. Archives dit Museum d-Hist. natur. Tome viii. 1855, pp. 1 — 24, 

 PI. I— 16. 



