52 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
land east of Newport and Bellevue, Kentucky, north to East 
Walnut Hills, by which the waters of Old Limestone, which 
has furnished part of the course of the modern Ohio, were 
deflected north through the lower part of the valley of the 
Little Miami, which explains the great width of that valley. 
At Red Bank this ancient stream turned northwest and 
through the valley of the Millcreek found its way to Hamil- 
ton, Ohio, and thence to the great pre-glacial river, which has 
been named the Great Kanawha. At Hamilton this river 
was joined by the Kentucky River which flowed northeast- 
ward from its present point of confluence with the Ohio 
through what is now part of the Ohio’s course and then 
northwardly.and eastwardly. The Licking River, flowing 
northwardly through the lower part of the Millcreek valley, 
joined Old Limestone at Ludlow Grove. Among the changes 
made during or at the close of the Ice Age was the breaking 
down of the cols at East Walnut Hills and Sedamsville, thus 
giving the Ohio its present course. 
2: GHOLOGY: 
2. ATISTORICAT: 
At the time of its first settlement, the’slopes of the “hills” 
about the city were clad in green and generally wooded. The 
ravines here and there laid bare the strata which form the 
framework of the hills. As the settlement grew quarries 
were opened in the slopes. Thus the region surrounding 
Cincinnati early became noted as affording very fine exposures 
of Lower Silurian strata, which yielded a very large number 
in great variety of finely preserved fossils. 
In the year 1836 a geological survey of the State of Ohio 
was organized, but after two annual reports its work was 
brought to an untimely end by the financial troubles of 1837. 
The southwestern part of the State was entrusted to Dr. 
John Locke. In the second annual report* he gave a brief 
account of the ‘“‘ Blue Limestone,” as the formation in the 
southwestern corner of Ohio was called, and the overlying 
“Cliff Limestone.” Plate 2, facing p. 210, gives a section 
* Second Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. State of Ohio, Columbus, 1838, pp. 205-211. 
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