A Study of Some Specific Characters of the 
Genus Pseudococcus 
P. E. SMITH 
ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
The first part of this study was published in September, 
1911.* In that paper an examination was made of the charac- 
ters commonly used in descriptions of species of this genus. 
This paper is a continuation of the preceding study and in it 
new characters or characters not commonly used in systematic 
work are examined. Five species, namely, agrifoliae Essig, 
crawti Coq., obscurus Essig, citri Risso, and longispinus Targ. 
are considered. Adult specimens have been used throughout. 
As a considerable number of specimens of each species were 
available the study has been comparative. 
The work was carried out under the direction of Prof. Alex. 
D. MacGillivray and the writer wishes to again express his 
appreciation for the invaluable aid received. 
Following is a discussion of the various characters for each 
species. 
ANAL RING—(Figs. 1-5) 
So far as known to the writer a study of the anal ring has 
not been made nor has it been figured in any detail. In 
ordinary mounts the complete anal ring very seldom shows 
with any clearness because the entire ring or parts of it at 
least are at an angle to the slide. The ring must lie flat and 
parallel to the slide to get the correct relations of the parts. To 
accomplish this the specimens were carried through the clearing 
stage in the usual way. Then under the dissecting microscope 
the anal ring and lobes were dissected out and mounted. In this 
way flat mounts were secured from which camera lucida draw- 
ings could be made. 
The anal ring consists of two unclosed concentric circles of wax 
pores, between which are three pairs of stout sete. Within this, 
*Ann. Entom. Soc. Am. Vol. IV, No. 3, pp. 309-327. 
