118 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 
and here the economic side of the question is brought out more 
fully. The book contains 410 pages and is profusely illustrated, 
although but few of the cuts are original. 
The text-book is accompanied by a laboratory manual of 276 
pages which gives directions chiefly by means of numerous brief 
questions which the student is to answer by means of direct 
observation. Directions are given for general studies in ecol- 
ogy, animal behavior and classification, as well as detailed 
studies of the crayfish, spider, insects, fish, frog, turtle, bird, 
rabbit, man, Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Echinodermata, 
Annulata, and Mollusca. 
Mabel Guernsey. 
THE EARLY NATURALISTS: THEIR LIVES AND WORK 
(1530-1789) 
L. C. MIALL, D. SC:, F. BR. S. 
MacMillan and Co., Ltd., 1912. 396 pages. $3.50. 
David Starr Jordan in one of his inspiring essays, called 
‘‘Life’s Enthusiasms,’’ says: ‘‘It is well that we should know 
them, should know them all, should know them well—an educa- 
tion is incomplete that is not built about a Pantheon, dedicated 
to the worship of great men.’’ The preface to this book of 
Miall expresses the same idea; every naturalist and student 
should become acquainted in as large a way as possible with 
the naturalists of the past—their contributions to science, their 
methods of work, as well as their mistakes and failures and 
idiosyneracies. This is a fascinatingly interesting book, and 
ought to be read by every student of the natural sciences, 
especially those in our colleges and universities. The only fault 
to be found with the book is the lack of portraits; but the full 
sketches of the lives of the men helps to counterbalance this 
omission; we have such sketches from Otto Brunfels to Lin- 
neus and Buffon. Most of the long line of naturalists here 
dealt with were occupied wholly or in part with insects. Mal- 
pighi was the first to observe the air-tubes and spiracles, the 
many-chambered heart, silk glands, gangliated nerve cord, re- 
