124 ROSACEA. [Rubus. 
with the calyx-tube, of one or many achenes, drupes, or follicles, 
or a pome, more rarely a berry or capsule. Seeds erect or pen- 
dulous, albumen generally wanting; embryo with large plano- 
convex cotyledons and a stout radicle. 
A large order, found all over the world, but most abundant in the tem- 
perate and colder parts of the Northern Hemisphere ; comparatively rare in the 
tropics and in the south temperate zone. Genera about 75; species from 1200 
to 1500. It includes most of the important cultivated fruits of northern 
origin, as peaches, plums, apricots, cherries, apples, pears, strawberries, rasp- 
berries, &c,; as well as the rose, with its numberless garden varieties. Of the 
4 New Zealand genera, Ace@na is mainly South American, but extends north- 
wards to California and south-eastwards to Australia and New Zealand; the 
3 others are widely spread in temperate regions. Many northern species 
have established themselves in New Zealand, as will be seen on referring to 
the list of introduced plants given in the appendix. 
Scrambling or climbing shrubs with prickly stems. Fruit 
of many crowded succulent carpels) .. Pea! bee. 50) 0725 0 f< 
Herbs with pinnately lobed or divided leaves. Styles 
elongating after flowering. Fruit-carpels numerous, 
dry . 2. GEUM. 
Bae with pinnate leaves. "Styles not elongating after 
flowering. Fruit-carpels numerous, dry 3. POTENTILLA. 
Herbs with pinnate leaves. Fruiting- calyx usually with 
stiff bristles, often barbed at the top. Carpels 1, 
rarely 2 .. ee ns a4 ets -. 4. ACHINA, 
1. RUBUS, Linn. 
Scrambling or climbing shrubs, rarely herbs, almost always 
prickly. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, usually palmately 
or pinnately divided into 3-5 lobes or segments or separate leatf- 
lets; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers in terminal or axil- 
lary panicles, rarely solitary. Calyx-tube broad, open; lobes 4, 
persistent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Disc ‘coating the 
calyx-tube. Carpels many, seated on a convex receptacle; style 
subterminal; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit composed of many suc- 
culent 1-seeded drupes, crowded upon an oblong or conical dry 
receptacle. Seed pendulous. 
A large genus, common in the temperate portions of the Northern Hemi- 
sphere, rarer in the tropics and south temperate zone. The fruits of all the 
species are edible, and some of them, such as the raspberry and blackberry, 
both of which have become naturalised in New Zealand, are excellent. All the 
New Zealand species are endemic. 
* Leaves 3-5-foliolate. 
A lofty climber. Leaflets glabrous, cordate or truncate at 
the base. Panicles large. Flowers white... . 1. BR. australis. 
Climbing or scrambling, often forming a dense bush. ; 
Leaflets glabrous, rounded or cuneate at the base. 
Panicles small. Flowers yellowish .. ..» (20) ds vetssordes- 
Climbing or scrambling, often forming a dense bush. 
Leaflets often tomentose beneath, broadly ovate. 
Fruit large, yellowish oe a, if .. 93. R. schnvidelioides. 
