266 RUBIACES. [Galiwm. 
filaments short. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, connate at the base ; 
stigmas capitate; ovules solitary in each cell. Fruit didymous,. 
small, dry, indehiscent. 
A large genus of over 160 species, found in all temperate regions. Both the 
New Zealand species are endemic. 
Leaves in whorls of 4, linear-lanceolate Sle .. L. G. tenwicaule. 
Leaves in whorls of 4, oblong .. ns Dye .. 2. G. wnbrosum. 
1. G. tenuicaule, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 468.—Stems slender, 
straggling, branched, 6 in. to 3ft. long, glabrous or slightly scabrid 
on the angles. Leaves in rather distant whorls of 4, -#in. long, 
linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, awned or acuminate, narrowed 
to the base, scabrid on the margins and midrib beneath. Flowers. 
minute, white, jin. diam., in 1—4-flowered axillary cymes; pe- 
duncles usually longer than the leaves, decurved in fruit. Fruit of 
2 minute globose cocci, dark-brown, glabrous.—Raoul, Choix, 46; 
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 113; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 120; Kirk, Stu- 
dents’ Fl. 249. G. triloba. Col. mm Trans. N.Z. Inst. xx. (1888) 192. 
NortH anp SoutH IstaAnps: Damp places on the margins of woods and 
swamps; not uncommon from Ahipara southwards. Sea level to 2500 ft. 
December—March. 
9. G. umbrosum, Sol. ex Forst. Prodr. n. 500.—Stems 1-10 in. 
long, suberect or prostrate, much or sparingly branched, weak or 
rather stiff and wiry, glabrous or more or less ciliate on the angles. 
Leaves in whorls of 4, 4,-41n. long, broadly oblong or elliptical- 
oblong, acuminate or mucronate, marked with pellucid dots when 
held between the eye and the light, glabrous or the margins ciliated, 
petioles short. Flowers very minute, white; peduncles axillary, 
longer than the leaves, usually 1-flowered, more rarely 2- or 3- 
flowered. Fruit of 2 minute globose rugulose cocci.—Hook. f. Fl. 
Nov. Zel. i. 118; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 121; Kirk, Students’ Fl. 249. 
G. propinquum, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 469. G. erythrocaulon, Col. in 
Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi. (1884) 332. 
Nortu anp SourH IsuaAnps: From the North Cape southwards to Foveaux 
Strait ; plentiful. Ascends to 3000 ft. December—March. 
The European G. Aparine, L., a much larger and coarser species than. 
either of the above, with weak straggling or subscandent scabrous stems 2-6 ft. 
long, and lanceolate leaves in whorls of 6-8, has become thoroughly established 
in many localities in both Islands. 
4. ASPERULA, Linn. 
Herbs with slender quadrangular stems. Leaves in whorls of 
4 to 8, of which 2 are leaves and the remainder stipules, as in 
Galium. Flowers minute, solitary or in axillary or terminal 
cymes. Calyx-limb wanting. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a dis- 
tinct limb and 4 spreading lobes. Stamens 4; anthers exserted.. 
Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, more or less connate at the base; stigmas. 
capitate. Fruit didymous, small, dry, indebiscent. 
