404 ERICACES. [ Gaultheria. 
OrpER XLII. BRICACEA. 
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes low and creeping. Leaves 
usually alternate, sometimes opposite or whorled, rigid, simple, 
entire or serrate; stipules wanting. Flowers regular, hermaphro- 
dite. Calyx inferior, 4-5-toothed or -cleft. Corolla gamopetalous, 
hypogynous, regular, often campanulate or urceolate, 4-5-toothed 
or -lobed (in some exotic genera divided into 4-8 free petals). 
Stamens usually double the number of the corolla-lobes, rarely the 
same number, hypogynous or-sometimes adnate to the base of the 
corolla; filaments free; anthers 2-celled, opening by terminal 
pores or slits, often furnished with appendages. Ovary superior, 
4_5-celled; style simple, terminal; stigma capitate, entire or 
shortly lobed; ovules usually many, attached to the inner angle of 
the cell or pendulous from the top of the angle. Fruit a capsule or 
berry, sometimes enclosed in the enlarged and succulent calyx 
(Gaultheria). Seeds usually numerous, small; albumen fleshy ; 
embryo straight, axile. 
, 
A large order, widely spread over the whole world, especially in temperate and 
cool regions, but singularly rare in Australia and New Zealand, where its place 
is taken by the allied family Hpacridee. In the tropics it is principally found on 
high mountains. Genera between 50 and 60; species not far from 1200. The 
properties of the order are unimportant, but it contains some of the most 
beautiful shrubs cultivated in gardens, as the various kinds of Rhododendron, 
Azalea, Erica, Arbutus, &c. Of the two genera found in New Zealand, Gaul- 
theria has a wide range in Asia and America, and is also found in Australia ; 
Pernettya is principally South American, but occurs in Tasmania as well. 
Fruit dry, capsular, usually enclosed in the enlarged and 
succulent calyx & .. 1. GAULTHERIA. 
Fruit a berry, calyx Boa a at its base, but not fleshy nor 
enlarged .. 3 36 a .. 2, PERNETTYA. 
1. GAULTHERIA, Kahn. 
Erect or procumbent shrubs, often hispid or strigose. Leaves 
persistent, alternate, usually serrate or serrulate, coriaceous. 
Flowers small, racemose or axillary and solitary. Calyx 5-lobed 
or -partite, in fruit usually enlarged and more or less succulent 
and coloured. Corolla urceolate or campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes 
imbricate, spreading or recurved. Stamens 10, included within 
the corolla-tube ; filaments more or less dilated; anthers 2-celled, 
each cell opening by a terminal or oblique pore and tipped 
with 2 erect awns. Ovary 5-celled, with several ovules in each 
cell; style cylindric; stigma simple. Capsule 5-celled, loculicidally 
5-valved, included in the usually enlarged and succalent calyx. 
Seeds numerous, minute, subglobose or obtusely angled. 
A genus of nearly 100 species, mainly American, stretching from Oregon to 
Cape Horn, a few found in Australia and New Zealand, some in India and the 
Malay Archipelago, and one in Japan. In the New Zealand species the calyx is 
sometimes enlarged and succulent and sometimes dry and unaltered when the 
