482 SOLANACEZS. (Solanum. 
KermaDEc Isnanps, NortH AND SoutH Istanps, CHATHAM ISLANDS: 
Abundant in lowland districts as far south as Foveaux Strait. Poporo ; 
Poroporo; Kohoho. Flowers most of the year. 
Also common in many parts of Australia and Tasmania, and in Norfolk 
Island. The fruit is edible, and was made into jam by the early colonists. 
Orver LIV. SCROPHULARINEZ. 
Herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees. Lower leaves usually 
opposite, upper alternate, or all opposite or all alternate ; stipules 
wanting. Flowers generally irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx in- 
ferior, persistent, 4—5-toothed or -lobed, sometimes of 5 free sepals. 
Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, commonly 2-lipped but some- 
times almost regular, 4—5-lobed ; lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 
inserted on the tube of the corolla, either 2, or 4 in 2 pairs, 2 long 
and 2 short (didynamous), sometimes the rudiment of a fifth stamen 
is present or rarely all five are present and perfect ; anthers 1-2- 
celled, cells distinct or confluent. Ovary superior, 2-celled ; style 
simple; stigma entire, 2-lobed or 2-lamellate; ovules usually nu- 
merous in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous, placentas affixed 
to the septum. Fruit a 2-celled many-seeded capsule, rarely an in- 
dehiscent berry. Seeds small, generally numerous, various in form ; 
albumen fleshy, seldom wanting; embryo straight or rarely curved. 
A large order, scattered over the whole world, but far better represented in 
temperate regions or in mountainous districts than in very warm climates. 
Genera about 160; species estimated at 2000. The medicinal properties of the 
order are very various. A few species are purgative, others are astringent or 
tonic, a far greater number are acrid and bitter or even poisonous. The fox- 
glove (Digitalis) is the only one largely used medicinally, although many others 
are occasionally employed. The family contains many handsome garden-plants, 
especially of the genera Calceolaria, Antirrhinum, Pentstemon, Mimulus, Digi- 
talis, and Veronica. Of the 11 genera found in New Zealand, 2, Anagosperma 
and Siphonidium, are endemic; Calceolaria occurs elsewhere only in South 
America; Ourisia is also mainly South American, but extends to ‘Tasmania 
as well; Glossostigma is confined to Australia and New Zealand. The remaining 
6 have a wide distribution in both temperate and tropical regions. 
A. Antirrhinide. Upper lip (or two wpper lobes) of the corolla always outside 
the others in bud. 
* Stamens 2. 
Calyx 4-partite. Corolla 2-lipped, lips inflated .. .. 1. CancrouaRia. 
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 2-lipped, lips not inflated .. 4, GRATIOLA. 
** Stamens 4. 
Flowers axillary in the New Zealand species. Calyx 
5-angled and -toothed. Corolla 2-lipped. Stigma 2- 
lamellate .. as oe a ar .- 2. Mimvutus. 
Flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx 5-partite, not angled. 
Corolla 2-lipped. Stigma 2-lamellate wh .. 3. Magus. 
Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx 3-4-lobed. Corolla 
nearly regular. Stigma spathulate ue .. 5. GLOSSOSTIGMA. 
Flowers axillary. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla rotate. 
Stigma clavate ou 56 He .. 6. LIMOSELEA. 
