Fagus.| CUPULIFERZ. 641: 
verse rows of recurved linear processes tipped with an obtuse gland. 
Nuts puberulous, 3- or more rarely 2-winged, wings produced 
upwards into sharp flat points.—Haoul, Choir, 42; Hook. f. Fl. 
Nov. Zel. i. 229; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 249; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 89. 
Nothofagus Menziesii, Oerst. am Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. v. ix. (1878) 
359. 
NorrH Istanp: Mountain forests from the Thames goldfields southwards, 
but rare and local to the north of the Hast Cape. Souru Isuanp: Billy and 
mountain forests from Nelson to Foveaux Strait, most plentiful on the west 
side of the island. Sea-level to 3500 ft. Tawhai; Tawar; Silver-birch ; 
Red-birch. + November-January. 
Easily distinguished by the rigid doubly toothed leaves and recurved 
glandular processes on the fruiting involucres. The wood is dark-red, strong 
and compact, and easily worked, but is not durable when exposed to the 
weather. It has been recommended for furniture, tubs and buckets, wine- 
casks, &c., but is not largely used at the present time. 
It is worth remarking that the tips of the branches are sometimes diseased 
and conyerted into much-branched paniculate masses clothed with fulvous 
imbricating scales, closely resembling a paniculate inflorescence in young bud. 
On the under-surface of the leaves, at the junction of the main veins with 
the midrib, there are usually 1-3 curious fringed pits or domatia, very similar 
to those on the leaves of certain Coprosmas. 
2. F. fusca, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 631.—A noble forest- 
tree 60-100 ft. high; trunk 4-8ft.diam.; bark dark-brown or 
black in old plants, deeply furrowed, smooth and greyish-white on 
young trees ; branchlets and petioles pubescent. Leaves evergreen, 
petiolate, 3-14 in. long, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or 
rarely acute, cuneate at the base, rather thin but firm, pubescent 
above and glandular beneath when young, glabrous when old, 
deeply and sharply serrate, veins conspicuous; stipules linear- 
oblong, caducous. Male flowers 2-3 at the end of a short curved 
axillary peduncle or more rarely solitary, drooping. Perianth 
5-toothed, membranous, pubescent. Stamens 8-16. Female 
involucres solitary in the upper axils, 2—3-flowered. Fruiting in- 
volucres 4-4 in. long, ovoid-globose, viscid-pubescent, 4-lobed ; lobes 
furnished at the back with 3-5 transverse lamelle with entire or 
fringed margins. Nuts pubescent, 2-3-winged, wings produced 
upwards into entire or toothed peints.—Raoul, Choix, 42; Hook. 
jf. Fl. Nov. Zel.i. 229; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 249; Kirk, Forest Fl. 
t. 90. Nothofagus fusca, Oerst. im Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. v. ix. (1878) 
305. 
Var. Colensoi, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 229.—Leaves more coriaceous, 
teeth smaller, obtuse.—Jc. Plant. t. 630; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 90, f. 2. F. 
truncata, Col.im Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxxi. (1899) 280. 
Nortx Istanp: In forests from Mongonui and Kaitaia southwards, but 
local to the north of the Kast Cape. Souru Istanp: From Nelson to Foveaux 
Strait, but rare in Canterbury and eastern Otago. Sea-level to 3500 ft. 
Tawhai ; Tawhai-rau-nui; Black-birch ; Red-birch. October—December. 
21—FI. 
