Fagus 4 CUPULIFERA. 643 
5. F. Solandri, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 639.—A lofty 
forest-tree 40-80ft. high; trunk 2-5ft. diam.; bark black and 
furrowed on old trees, pale and smooth on young ones ; eecie 
closely pubescent. Leaves evergreen, shortly petiolate, 1-3in. 
long, linear-oblong to elliptic- oblong, obtuse, cuneate and usually 
unequal-sided at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous and 
reticulated above, clothed with appressed greyish- white pubescence 
beneath, margins recurved ; stipules membranous, caducous. Male 
flowers axillary, either solitary or 2-3 on a short common peduncle. 
Perianth broad and shallow, cup-shaped, shortly 4—5-toothed. 
Stamens 8-15. Female involucres solitary in the upper axils, 
sessile, 2-3-flowered. Fruiting involucres +in. long, ovoid, glabrous 
or pubescent, usually 3-lobed ; lobes with three membranous trans- 
verse lamelle. Nuts 2—3-winged, broad at the base, narrowed 
above.—faoul, Choix, 42; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 230; Handb. 
N.Z. Fl. 250; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 56. Nothofagus Solanderi, Oerst. 
im Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. v. ix. (1873) 355. 
NortH snp SourH Isnanps: Forests from the Kast Cape to the south of 
Otago, usually in hilly or mountain districts. Sea-level to 2500ft. | Ta- 
whai; Tawhai-rauriki ; Black-birch ; White-birch. November—December. 
Wood pale-red, often streaked with black, not durable unless taken from 
fully mature trees. Young trees often have the leaves distichously arranged, 
with the under-surface glabrous or nearly so. 
6. F. cliffortioides, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 673 and 
t. 8168.—A small tree, usually from 20ft. to 40 ft. high, rarely 
more, with a trunk 1-2 ft. diam., in alpine localities often dwarfed 
into a much-branched bush 5-12 ft. high. Branches spreading, 
often distichous, especially in young trees; branchlets densely 
pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, distichous, 1-2in. long, 
ovate-oblong or ovate or ovate-orbicular, acute or subacute, rarely 
obtuse, always broadest at the unequally rounded or almost cordate 
base, quite entire, very coriaceous, glabrous and reticulated above,. 
more or less clothed with greyish-white appressed hairs beneath ; 
margins thickened, often recurved ; stipules membranous, caducous. 
Male flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs on very short peduncles, 
often very abundantly produced. fPerianth broad, cup-shaped, 
shortly 4-5-toothed. Stamens 8-15. Female involucres solitary 
and sessile in the upper axils, 2-3-flowered. Fruiting involucres 
$-tin. long, ovoid, pubescent, 3-lobed; lobes with two or three 
transverse fringed lamelle. Nuts 2-3-winged, ovoid, acute.— 
Fiaoul, Choix, 42; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 2830; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 
250; Kirk, Forest Fl. tt. 101, 101a. Nothofagus cliffortioides, 
Oerst. in Vidensk. Selisk. Skr. v. ix. (1873) 355. 
Nortu Istanp: Mountain districts from the East Cape and Tongariro 
southwards. SourH Istanp: Abundant in the mountains throughout, usually 
forming the greater portion of the subalpine forests. Altitudinal range from 
2000 ft. to 4500 ft., but descending to sea-level in the sounds on the south-west 
coast of Otago. Tawhai-rauriki ; Mountain Beech or Birch. Decem ber- 
January. 
