Libocedrus. | CONIFER. 647 
Nort Isianp: In forests from Mongonui southwards to Hawke’s Bay and 
Taranaki, but often rare and local. Sea-level to 2000 ft. Kawaka; New 
Zealand Arbor-vita. 
Wood dark-red, beautifully grained, said to be durable, but on account of 
its scarcity little used. Very young seedlings have narrow linear-subulate 
leaves spreading on all sides, but these soon pass into the quadrifarious stage. 
2. L. Bidwillii, Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 257.—Very similar 
to L. Doniana, but usually smaller, seldom more than 50 ft. high, 
with a trunk 14-3 ft. diam., in subalpine or cool peaty localities 
often reduced to a fastigiate bush or small tree 10-20 ft. high. 
Branchlets of young trees closely resembling those of L. Doniana, 
but rather narrower; of mature trees tetragonous, ;4,—, in. diam., 
densely clothed with almost uniform triangular acute closely 
appressed leaves. Female cones like those of Z. Doniana, but 
smaller, +-4in. long.—Kirk, Forest Fb. t. 83. 
Nort anp SoutH Isnanps: From Te Aroha Mountain and Mount Egmont 
southwards to Foyveaux Strait, not uncommon in hilly or mountain forests. 
800-4000 ft. Pahautea; Cedar. 
Often confounded with the previous species, but the obviously tetragonous 
branchlets of the mature tree, with almost uniform leaves, are characteristic and 
readily distinguish it. Wood soft, red, straight in the grain, easily split, and 
apparently of great durability, but of low specific gravity and somewhat brittle. 
3. PODOCARPUS, L’Herit. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, scattered or 
imbricate or distichous, very diverse in size and shape. Flowers 
dicecious or rarely moncecious ; males solitary or in fascicles of 2-5, 
or laxly spicate along an elongated rhachis, usually stipitate, the 
stipes furnished with imbricate bracts. Staminal column elongate, 
cylindric ; anthers sessile, densely spirally crowded ; cells 2, parallel, 
dehiscing longitudinally ; connective usually prolonged into a short 
claw. Female flowers solitary or occasionally geminate, very rarely 
spicate ; bracts or scales few, adnate with the rhachis into a swollen 
fleshy or succulent peduncle or ‘receptacle’; ovuliferous scale 
springing from the receptacle, ovoid, fleshy, bearing a single reversed 
ovule. Seeds globose or ovoid, seated on the enlarged receptacle, 
drupaceous or nut-like. Cotyledons 2. 
About 60 species are known, scattered through the tropical and subtropical 
regions of the Old World, from Japan and China southwards to New Zealand 
and South Africa, also in most parts of South America; wanting in Europe, 
North America, North Africa, and western Asia. The New Zealand species are 
all endemic. 
A. Flowers axillary. 
* Male flowers solitary or 2-4 at the tip of a common peduncle. 
Tree 40-100 ft.; bark thick. Leaves 3-1in., linear, rigid 
and coriaceous, pungent. Male flowers subsessile. Nut 
small, obtuse As be. ae be Yo ees Totarar 
