648 CONIFER. [Podocarpus. 
Tree 25-60 ft.; bark thin, papery. Leaves 3-1} in., linear, 
rigid and coriaceous, pungent. Male flowers evidently 
stalked. Nut acute oe ae 4 .. 2. P. Haliu, 
Erect shrub 3-10 ft.; branchesslender. Leaves lax, 4-1 in. 
long, narrow-linear, pungent, thin .. as a 
Diffuse or prostrate shrub 2-8 ft.; branches stout. Leaves 
close-set, 4-%in., linear-oblong, obtuse, thick and 
coriaceous.. se oC Bie Sc -. 4 P. mals. 
Tree 50-80 ft. Leaves distichous, 4-3 in., linear, acute, 
faleate. Fruit large, broadly oblong, succulent, ? in. 
long ; a = — ae - 
3. P. acutifolius.. 
5. P. ferrugineus. 
** Male flowers numerous, spiked. 
Tree 40-80 ft. Leaves distichous, 44 in., linear, obtuse. 
Fruit globose, succulent, +4 in. diam. ete .. 6. P. spicatus. 
B. Flowers terminating the branchlets. 
Tree 80-120ft. Leaves of young trees distichous, fin. ; of 
mature plants imbricate all round, +,-4in., subulate- 
lanceolate, acuminate oe 4c 4 .. 7. PB. dacrydioides. 
1. P. Totara, D. Don. in Lamb. Pin. ed. ii. (1832) 189.— A 
lofty forest-tree 40-S80ft. or even 100ft. high; trunk 2-6 ft. 
diam.; bark thick, furrowed, stringy and papery, capable of re- 
moval in large sheets. Leaves dull brownish-green, spreading on 
all sides or obscurely distichous, 4—lin. long, linear, straight or 
shghtly falcate, acute, pungent, rigid and coriaceous, midrib 
obscure. Flowers dicecious. Males 4—%in. long, stout, obtuse, 
axillary, solitary or 2-3 together at the top of a very short stout 
peduncle or almost sessile ; each flower with 4 bracts at the base. 
Anthers numerous, crowded; connective toothed at the tip. 
Female flowers axillary, solitary or geminate at the top of a 
short swollen peduncle. Fruit ovoid-oblong, rounded at the tip; 
peduncle usually much enlarged, red, succulent ; but occasionally 
dry and shrivelled.—A. Cunn. Precur. n. 328; Raoul, Choix, 41; 
Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 572, t. 19; Hook. f.. Fl. Nov. Zel. 
i. 233; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 258; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 115. Pilger, 
Pflanzenreich, iv. 5, 84. P. Bidwillii, Howbrenk ex Endl. Conf. 
213. P. Cunninghamii, Col. Visit to Ruahine Range, 58. 
NorrH AND SouTH IsLAND : Common in forests from the North Cape to the 
south-east of Otago. Sea-level to 2000 ft. Totara. 
A magnificent tree, scarcely less valuable than the kauri; but, unlike it, 
generally distributed throughout the colony. Wood red, straight - grained, 
compact, extremely durable, much used for all kinds of building purposes and 
constructive works. From its power of resisting the attacks of the teredo it is 
particularly valuable for the piles of wharves, &c. The huge war-canoes of the 
Maoris, which were often over 80 ft. in length, were carved from the trunks of 
totara-trees, and it was also the favourite timber for their carved houses. 
2. P. Hallii, T. Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 9, 94.— Very closely 
allied to P. Totara, and perhaps a mere variety, but smaller, 25— 
60 ft. high; trunk rarely exceeding 3ft. diam. ; bark thin, papery ; 
