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Phyllocladus.] CONIFERS. 659 
obtuse, membranous; on mature plants chiefly developed at the 
base of the young rhachises and falling away very early. Flowers 
dicecious or moneecious. Males very numerous, in fascicles of 10-20 
at the tips of the branches, $-1 in. long, on stout peduncles of equal 
length. Female flowers forming globose heads terminating short 
stout distichous peduncles (modified cladodes) springing from the 
rhachis below the cladodes ; fully ripe heads $in. long. Nuts 8-20, 
compressed, about tin. long, half exserted beyond the thickened 
scales; aril cupular. — Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. i. (1868) 149; 
x. (1878) 380; Forest Fl. t. 98, 99; Pulger in Pflanzenreich, iv. 
0, 95. 
Norto Istanp: Between Whangape and Hokianga, Kirk! between 
Hokianga and the Northern Wairoa, Petrie! Puhipuhi Forest, R. Mair! 
‘Great Barrier Island, Omaha, Kirk! Waitakarei Ranges, T. F. C.; from Cape 
Colville to the Thames goldfields and Te Aroha, Kirk! Adams! T. F. C. 
Wairoa South, Kirk! near Titiraupenga, T. Ff. C. Sea-level to 2000 ft. 
Toatoa. 
A very distinct species, quite the most handsome of the New Zealand 
“‘Taxads, and easily recognised by the robust branches, very large cladodes, and 
large female flowers. Carriére’s description, founded on garden specimens of 
doubtful origin cultivated in France, hardly agrees with wild specimens, but 
‘probably refers to the same species. 
3. P. alpinus, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 235, t. 53.—A shrub or 
small tree, usually from 8 ft. to 25ft. high, but in exposed alpine 
localities often reduced to a bush of 3-6ft.; branches numerous, 
short, stout, spreading; trunk short, 6-l4in. diam. Cladodes 
‘simple, crowded, spreading, 4-14 in. long, variable in shape, linear- 
oblong to oblong-rhomboid, obtuse or acute, very coriaceous, 
glaucous, lobed or pinnatifid, lobes usually obtuse. True leaves on 
seedling plants linear, +-4in. long. Flowers monecious. Males 
in fascicles of 2-5 at the tips of the branchlets, +-tin. long; 
peduncles short, sometimes almost wanting. Females forming 
globose heads towards the base of the cladodes or on the margins 
-of modified ones. Fully ripe heads about }in. diam. ; scales fleshy, 
bright-red. Nuts small, compressed, exserted beyond the scales; aril 
eupular, margin irregularly lobulate.—Handb. N.Z. Fl. 260; Kirk 
am Trans. N.Z. Inst. x. (1878) 382; Forest Fl. t. 100; Pilger in 
Pflanzenreich, iv. 5,98. BP. trichomanoides var. alpinus, Parl. in 
D.C. Prodr. xvi. 2, 498. 
NortH anp SoutH IsuAnps: In subalpine and mountain forests from 
Cape Colville and Te Aroha to Foveaux Strait, abundant. Usually from 
1500 ft. to 5000 ft., but descends to sea-level in Westland and in the south of 
Otago. Mountain Toatoa. 
Very closely allied to the Tasmanian P, rhomboidalis, L. C. Rich. (P. 
aspleniifolius, Hook. f.), principally differing in the position of the female 
flowers. It is a very important constituent of the subalpine forests of the South 
aes particularly at high altitudes. 
