698 ORCHIDEZ. [Gastrodia. 
high, ;4;in. diam. at the base; sheathing scales few, oblique. 
Raceme 1-3 in. long, 3-8-flowered; pedicels slender, tin. long; 
bracts short, broad, scarious. Flowers brownish tipped with dirty- 
white, $in. long without the ovary, drooping. Perianth ventricose, 
gibbous at the base, split about half-way down on the anterior side, 
shortly 5-lobed ; lobes rounded-ovate, undulate. Lip hardly shorter 
than the perianth; lamina linear-oblong, obtuse, with 2 thick 
median ridges; margins incurved, thickened, slightly crumpled. 
Column very short, barely + the length of the lip. 
SoutH Isntanp: Otago—Opihi Creek, near Dunedin, Petrie! January. 
Dried specimens differ very little in appearance from slender forms of 
G. Cunninghamii; but according to Mr. Petrie there are important differences 
in the lip and column. 
OrpER LXXX. IRIDEZA. 
Perennial herbs, with a tuberous or bulbous or creeping rhizome. 
Leaves usually all radical, narrow, equitant and distichous. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or obliquely irregular, solitary 
and terminal, or in spikes or corymbs or panicles, or clustered, 
enclosed within 2 spathaceous usually scarious bracts. Perianth 
superior, petaloid, marcescent ; segments 6, in 2 series, imbricate. 
Stamens 3, epigynous or inserted on the outer perianth-segments ; 
filaments free or united into a tube; anthers 2-celled, opening 
outwards. Ovary inferior, 3-celled; style filiform, usually 3-fid 
above; divisions stigmatic at the end, subulate or narrow or broad, 
sometimes petaloid ; ovules numerous, in the inner angle of each 
cell, anatropous. Fruit a coriaceous 3-celled usually trigonous 
capsule, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds usually numerous, albu- 
minous ; embryo short, cylindric. 
A large order, comprising nearly 60 genera and about 700 species, dispersed 
over the whole world, but most abundant and varied in South Africa, plentiful 
in South Europe, not infrequent in America, comparatively rare in Asia. The 
order includes few useful species. Some are said to be purgative and diuretic, 
and the dried stigmas of the saffron (Crocus sativus) are a well-known dye. 
Many of the species are cultivated in gardens on account of the beauty of their 
flowers, especially of the genera Iris, Crocus, Ixia, and Gladiolus. The single 
New Zealand genus extends to Australia on the one side, and South America on 
the other. 
1. LIBERTIA, Spreng. 
Perennial herbs with a short creeping rhizome and long fibrous 
roots. Leaves numerous, densely crowded at the base of the stem, 
distichously imbricate, equitant, linear or ensiform, flat, rigid. 
Flowering-stems erect, simple or branched; cauline leaves few. 
Flowers on slender pedicels, clustered in the axils of sheathing 
bracts, forming a corymbose-paniculate or subumbellate inflores- 
cence. Perianth regular, tube wanting; segments 6, spreading, 
free to the base, the 8 inner rather longer and _ broader. 
