Freycinetia. | PANDANES. 741 
spadices protected by leafy spathes. Perianth wanting. Male 
flowers: Stamens numerous; filaments all distinct or connate in 
clusters; anthers erect, basifixed, 2-celled. Rudimentary ovary 
present or absent. Female flowers: Staminodia small or wanting. 
Ovary 1-celled, free or connate with those of adjoining flowers ; 
stigma nearly sessile, papillose ; ovules either solitary and basal, or 
numerous and attached to parietal placentas. Fruit an oblong or 
globose mass of densely compacted free or connate tough or fleshy 
drupes. Seeds solitary or many in each drupe; testa striated ; 
albumen hard and fleshy ; embryo minute. 
A small order of 3 genera and about 160 species; most abundant in the 
islands of eastern tropical Africa and the Malay Archipelago, extending south- 
wards to Australia, the Pacific islands, and New Zealand; not known in a 
native state in America. The leaves of most of the species are used for mat- 
making, thatching, &c., and would probably be useful for the manufacture of 
paper. The New Zealand genus extends as far north as Malacca. 
1. FREYCINETIA, Gaud. 
Climbing or scrambling shrubs. Stems often very long, 
branched, rooting. Leaves long, linear, sheathing at the base, 
keeled, entire or more usually serrulate. Spadices terminal, fas- 
cicled, sessile or pedunculate, enclosed within foliaceous bracts 
with fleshy and often coloured bases. Male flowers numerous, 
each one consisting of several stamens surrounding a rudimentary 
ovary ; filaments short; anthers oblong. Female flowers of many 
1-celled ovaries densely packed on the rhachis of the spadix, co- 
hering at their bases, each ovary surrounded by minute staminodia, 
apex broad, truncate, crenulate ; placentas 2 or more; ovules 
numerous, in 2 series on each placenta. Fruit an oblong mass of 
more or less fleshy or almost woody drupes. Seeds numerous, 
fusiform or ellipsoid ; testa crustaceous or membranous ; albumen 
copious ; embryo basilar. 
A genus of over 50 species, scattered through Malaya, the Pacific islands, 
and Australia, with one species in New Zealand. 
1. F. Banksii, A. Cunn. Precwr. n. 320.—A lofty climber, often 
reaching the tops of tall trees, or scrambling over rocks or prostrate 
trunks ; branches many, stout, rooting. Leaves numerous towards 
the tips of the branches, 14-3 ft. long, 4-1in. broad, linear-elongate, 
finely acuminate, broadly sheathing at the base, concave, coriaceous, 
nerved, margins and midrib minutely spinulose-serrate. Spadices 
fascicled at the tips of the branches, cylindrical, peduncled, 3-6 in. 
long, dicecious ; bracts numerous, leafy, the innermost with white 
or pale-lilac thick and succulent bases. Filaments rather long, 
filiform. Ovaries very densely packed, about iin. long, rather 
fleshy in fruit. Seeds small, linear-oblong; testa cellular.—Raoul, 
Choiz, 41; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 237, t. 54, 55; Handb. N.Z. 
Fil. 275; Bot. Mag. t. 6028. 
