744 TYPHACEE. [Sparganium. 
A small genus, not uncommon in the north temperate zone. In the 
Southern Hemisphere its sole representative is the following species, which is 
found in both Australia and New Zealand. 
1. S. antipodum, Graebner in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. iv. (1899) 33. 
—Stems slender, erect, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves very long, the jower 
radical ones usually far surpassing the inflorescence, #,—in. 
broad, flattish above, acutely and prominently keeled beneath, tip 
acute, lower portion expanded into a long but rather narrow 
sheath. Inflorescence simple in small specimens, but usually with 
1-3 slender flexuous branches bearing male heads alone or very 
rarely with a single female below the males; main rhachis with 
2-4 distant female heads below, and 3-12 more closely placed male 
ones above; the lower portion of the inflorescence with long leafy 
bracts. Filaments of the male flowers long, considerably more 
than twice the length of the scales. Stigma narrow, elongate. Ripe 
fruit about tin. long, broadly cbovoid, mucronate with the short 
thick persistent style.—S. angustifolium, &. Br. Prodr. 338 (not of 
Michz.); Benth. Fi. Austrai. vii. 160; Col. m Trans. N.Z. 
Inst. xvi. (1884) 339. 8S. simplex, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 238, 
and Handb. N.Z. Fl. 277 (not of Huds.). 
Nort Isuanp: Watery places from the North Cape to Wellington, not 
uncommon. SoutH Istanp: Near Picton, J. Rutland ! Maru. Decem- 
ber—March. 
Also in Australia, from Queensland to Victoria. S. subgloboswm, Morong 
in Bull. Torrey Club, xv. (1888) 76, t. 79, f. 1, said to have been collected at 
the Bay of Islands by the American Exploring Expedition, is probably the 
same, and, if so, Morong’s name will take precedence. 
Orper LXXXVI. LEMNACEZ:. 
Minute gregarious floating water-plants, without distinct stems 
or true leaves, consisting of green scaie-like fronds free from one 
another or 2-3 cohering by their margins, either rootless or more 
generally giving off 1 or several capillary rootlets from the under- 
surface. Flowers very seldom produced, most minute, placed in 
clefts on the edges of the frond, or sunk on its surface, naked or 
enclosed in a spathe, usually a single female with 1 or 2 males 
by its side. Perianth wanting in both sexes. Male flower: 
Stamens 1 or 2; filaments short; anthers 1—2-celled. Female: 
Ovary sessile, 1-celled, narrowed into a short and stout style; 
stigma simple; ovules 1-7. Fruit a somewhat fleshy utricle, with 
1 or several seeds; albumen fleshy or wanting ; embryo straight, 
axile. 
An order of 2 genera and 20 species, found in still waters in all countries, 
both temperate and tropical. It contains the smallest of all known flowering- 
plants, all of them being of exceedingly simple structure, and very seldom found 
in flower. 
