778 CYPERACEZ. (Scirpus. 
NortH anp SourH Istanps, CHatHam Is~AnpDs: Brackish-water swamps 
from Hokianga to Foveaux Strait, but often local. Inland at Roxburgh, Otago, 
Petrie! November—February. 
. Not uncommon in temperate Australia and Tasmania, North and South 
America, and southern Hurope. 
12. S. lacustris, Linn. Sp. Piant. 48.—Rhizome stout, creep- 
ing, with numerous perpendicular rootlets. Stems 2-6 ft. high, 
sometimes almost as thick as the finger, terete, spongy, glaucous. 
Leaves wanting, or the uppermost sheath with a very short flat 
lamina. Inflorescence a terminal simple or compound cymose 
umbel 2—4 in. across; rays few, stout, irregular; bract shorter than 
the umbel, continuous with the stem. Spikelets numerous, ovoid 
or oblong, 4in. long, brownish, many-flowered. Glumes broadly 
ovate, membranous, concave, notched at the tip with a small point 
in the notch, margins fringed. Hypogynous bristles 5-6, linear, 
retrorsely scabrid, usually equalling the nut. Stamens 3. Style- 
branches 3 or 2. Nut more than half as long as the glume, obovoid, 
compressed, plano-convex, pale-brown, smooth.—A. Rich. Fl. Noww. 
Zel. 103; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 275; Raoul, Choixz, 40; Hook. f. 
Fil. Nov. Zel. i. 269; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 300; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 
333. 
Norru AnD SoutH Is~tAnps: Margins of lakes and ponds from the North 
Cape southwards to the north of Otago and Okarito, common. Sea-level to 
1500 ft. November-—February. 
Generally distributed in all temperate and warm countries, except South 
America. 
13. S. maritimus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 74.—Rhizome woody, creep- 
ing, the nodes often dilated into hard tubers. Stems stout, sharply 
triangular, 1-3 ft. high or more. Leaves from near the base of the 
stem and often exceeding it, broad, flat, grassy. Inflorescence an 
irregular terminal umbel of few unequal rays, often contracted into 
a compact cluster; bracts 3-4, 3-9in. long, similar to the leaves. 
Spikelets 4-in. long, sessile or peduncled, ovoid or cylindric, 
brown, many-flowered. Glumes ovate, membranous, 2-lobed at the 
tip with a short intermediate awn, usually pubescent towards the 
tip. Hypogynous bristles 3-6, shorter than the nut, retrorsely 
scabrid. Stamens 3. Style-branches 3 or 2, long, linear. Nut 
less than one-half the length of the glume, broadly obovoid, com- 
pressed, flat on one side, convex or obtusely angled on the other, 
smooth and polished, brown when fully ripe—Raoul, Choix, 40; 
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 269; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 300. 
Var. fluviatilis, Torr. in Ann. Lycewm New York, iii. (1836) 324.—Taller 
and stouter, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves broader, 4in. diam. or more; bracts longer. 
Umbel larger, more often compound; rays 3-9. Spikelets large, pale-brown. 
Style-branches 3. Nut narrower, oblong-obovoid, trigonous, conspicuously 
beaked, white or pale-brown, opaque, polished.—Benth. Fl. dustral. vii. 335. 
S. fluviatilis, Asa Gray, Man. Bot. U.S. 500. 
