784 3 CYPERACEZ. [Schenus. 
Var. concinnus.—-Smaller, more rigid and wiry, 1-3in. high. Spikelets 
solitary or rarely 2 together, slightly compressed, 4-4in. long, dark-brown or 
almost black. Nut rather larger, broadly ovoid, trigonous, sometimes scabrid 
at the tip.—S. concinnus, Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 299. Chzetospora, concinna, 
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 274, t. 62, f. B. 
NortH AnD SoutH Isuanps, Stewart Istanp: From Lake Taupo south- 
wards, but often local. Sea-level to 2500 ft. December—March. 
A most variable plant. Hooker’s S. concinnuws appears to me to be a 
depauperated state connected with the type by numerous intermediates, and 
I have consequently followed Mr. ©. B. Clarke in reducing it to S. nitens. The 
typical form is not uncommon in Australia, ranging from Queensland to 
Tasmania and Western Australia. 
9. CLADIUM, P. Browne. 
Perennial herbs. Stems stout or slender, terete or compressed, 
sometimes leafy throughout, sometimes at the base only, or the 
leaves reduced to sheathing scales. Leaves terete or compressed, 
more rarely vertically flattened and equitant at the base. In- 
florescence paniculate. Spikelets numerous, rarely few, 1-3- or 
rarely 4-6-flowered, the lowest flower always perfect and fruit- 
bearing. Glumes imbricate all round, 1-4 outer empty, smaller 
than the succeeding flowering ones. Hypogynous bristles usually 
wanting. Stamens 3. Style long, linear; base often dilated but 
continuous with the nut; style-branches 3, rarely 2. Nut ovoid 
or oblong, terete or obscurely trigonous or tricostate, smooth, 
crowned by the adnate base of the style. 
Species between 40 and 50, widely distributed, but more plentiful in the 
Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern. Of the 10 species found in New 
Zealand, 6 extend to Australia and Tasmania, 3 of them being also found in the 
Pacific islands or eastern Asia, the remaining 4 are endemic. 
A. Vincentia. Spikelets with 2-4 perfect flowers. Nut stipitate, triquetrous, 
narrowed upwards into a long cuspidate beak. 
Tall, 2-5 ft. Stems and leaves flattened, the latter 4-1in. 
broad. Panicle very large, lax, drooping 56 -. 1. C. Sinclairit. 
B. Baumea. Spikelets with 1 or rarely 2 perfect flowers. Nut sessile, often 
tunid at the apex, not narrowed into a cuspidate beak. 
* Spikelets usually 2-3-flowered, 1 or sometimes 2 of the flowers perfecting 
fruit. 
Stems and leaves flattened, +-4in. broad. Panicle 6-12 in., 
narrow. Nut ovoid, trigonous 6 és .. 2 C. complanatum. 
Stems and leaves stout, terete, transversely septate. 
Panicle very large and broad, drooping. Nut obovoid, 
trigonous .. Se ae Be .. 3. C. articulatum. 
Stems and leaves slender, terete, not septate. Panicle 
narrow, erect, 3--10 in. long, interrupted; bracts spatha- 
ceous. Nut reddish- yellow, trigonous .. 4. C. glomeratum. 
Stems and leaves slender, terete, not septate. Panicle 
narrow, 10-18in. ; - branches drooping. Nut pale .. 5. C. Hutton. 
