830 CYPERACES. | Carex. 
at the base, sessile or the lowest very shortly pedunculate ; bracts 
long and leafy. Glumes broadly ovoid, pale-coloured, membranous, 
shortly bifid, midrib produced into a long or short awn usually 
exceeding the utricles; margins lacerate. Utricle elliptic-ovoid, 
“unequally biconvex, smooth, turgid, gradually narrowed into a 
rather long acutely bidentate beak; margins entire. Styles 3. 
Nut trigonous. 
SourH Isuanp: Otago—Milford Sound, Kirk / 
Specimens of this collected by Mr. Kirk are in my own and in the Kew 
Herbarium, and I have adopted Mr. Clarke’s manuscript name for it. It is 
evidently very close to C. comans var. stricta, principally differing in the closely 
aggregated spikelets and broader utricles, which are not serrate above. 
39. C. litorosa, Bailey in Memoirs Torrey Club (1889) 72.— 
Pale-green, forming compact tufts. Culms densely packed, slender, 
erect, terete, grooved, quite smooth, leafy, 9-24in. high. Leaves 
as long or longer than the culms, sheathing at the base, narrow, 
so-tz In. broad, deeply grooved, flat or concave in front, convex 
behind, narrowed into long filiform points; margins slightly 
serrate above. Spikelets 3-5, the lowermost often remote, the 
others closely placed or a little distant, oblong-ovate, +-$in. long; 
terminal one male, slender; remainder all female, usually with male 
flowers either above or below, sessile or the lowermost shortly 
pedunculate ; bracts very long and leafy. Glumes ovate, acuminate 
with a short or long awn, membranous, pale-brown; margins often 
lacerate. Utricles as long or rather longer than the glumes, broadly 
ovoid, turgid, biconvex, smooth or obscurely nerved, reddish-brown ; 
margins smooth; beak short and stout, with 2 divergent teeth. 
Styles 3. Nut obovoid, trigonous.—Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. 
xxiv. (1892) 415. C. littoralis, Petrve in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xv. 
(1883) 358; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi. (1884) 437 (not of 
Schwein.). C. australis, Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxvi. (1894) 262 
(not of Boeckel.). 
NortH anp SoutH IsLtAnps, Stewart IstAnpD: Not uncommon in brackish- 
water marshes from the Kaipara Harbour southwards. October—January. 
Distinguished from C. comans by the larger size and stouter habit, broader 
spikelets, and especially by the broader and more turgid biconvex utricles, with 
entire margins and smooth or very obscurely nerved faces. The Otago and 
Stewart Island specimens have rather larger spikelets, with male flowers at the 
base of the female spikelets, whereas they are usually at the top in northern 
specimens. 
40. C. dissita, Sol. ex Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 284.—Densely 
tufted. Culms slender, smooth, leafy, 1-24ft. high. Leaves 
longer or shorter than the culms, dark-green, flat, broad, grassy, 
deeply grooved, $-+in. diam.; margins scabrid above. Spikelets 
4-8, distant, 1-1 in. long, +4 in. broad, dark-brown; terminal one 
male, slender, rarely with 1 or 2 much smaller ones near its 
