Festuca. | GRAMINE. 917 
4 
1. F. littoralis, Labill. Pi. Nov. Holl. i. 22, t. 27.—Forming 
dense hard tussocks of a pale yellow-green colour. Culms branched 
at the base, erect, rigid, smooth and polished, 14-3 ft. high. Leaves 
longer or shorter than the culms, narrow, so strongly involute that 
the blade is terete, erect, rigid and pungent-pointed, quite smooth 
and polished ; sheaths pale, grooved ; ligules short. Panicle 2-9 in. 
long, narrow, dense and spike-like ; rhachis stout, angled, grooved ; 
branches short, erect, usually few-flowered ; pedicels short, pilose. 
Spikelets large, broad, flattened or somewhat turgid, 3-3 in. long, 
4—7-flowered, pale yellowish-green. ‘T'wo outer glumes subequal, 
more than half as long as the spikelet, keeled, lanceolate, acuminate, 
3-5-nerved, glabrous. Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, rounded 
on the back at the base, keeled above, 5-7-nerved, acute or very 
minutely notched at the tip, the central nerve stout and slightly 
protruding in the notch, equally minutely hairy all over, base of 
glume, callus, and rhachilla more or jess densely clothed with 
short hairs. Palea lanceolate, ciliolate along the keels. Grain 
narrow-oblong, almost terete; hilum linear, very short.—A. Rich. 
Fil. Nouv. Zel. 123; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 128; Handb. N.Z. Fi. 
341; Buch. N.Z. Grasses, t. 54. Scehedonorus littoralis, Beawv. 
Agrost. 99; A. Cunn. Precur.n. 259; Raoul, Choix, 39; Hook. f. Fl. 
Nov. Zel. i. 310. 
NortH AnD SoutH IsLANnpbs, STEWART ISLAND, CHATHAM IsLANDS: Abundant 
in sandy and rocky places near the shore. Also common on the coasts of tem- 
perate Australia. 
2. F. ovina, Linn. Sp. Plant. 73.—Culms 6-18 in. high, densely 
tufted, slender, erect, 2-3-noded; innovation-shoots always intra- 
vaginal, not stoloniferous. Leaves 2-6 in. long, all similar, narrow, 
setaceous or capillary, obtuse or acute, 3—T7-nerved, green or 
glaucous, smooth or minutely scabrid; sheaths of the innovation- 
shoots either open nearly to the base or more or less closed, 
3-9-nerved ; ligules short, truncate, 2-lobed and articulate. 
Panicle 1-5 in. long, narrow, dense or rather lax, erect or nodding, 
often secund; rhachis smooth or scabrid ; branches solitary or 
the lower binate, simple or divided, usually scabrid. Spikelets 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-4 in. long, laxly 4-7-flowered. Two 
outer glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, lower 1-nerved, upper 
larger, 3-nerved. Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, rounded on 
the back, smooth or minutely scaberulous, sometimes pruinose, 
faintly 5-nerved, shortly awned. Palea as jong as the glume, 
ciliolate on the keels.—I’. duriuscula, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 309 ; 
Handb. N.Z. Fl. 341 (in part, not of Linn.). 
Var. novz-zealandiz, Hack. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxxv. (1903) 384.— 
Culms densely tufted, scabrid, 3-noded, 12-20in. high. Leaves almost as long 
as the culms, strict, erect, very narrow, cylindric, setaceous, sharply acute or 
almost pungent, rough with scabrid points; sheaths open, smooth ; ligules evi- 
