Hymenophyliwm. | FILICES. 941 
in size, usually 4-8in. high including the stipes, but sometimes 
dwarfed to 1in., and occasionally attaining 12 in., ovate-lanceolate 
to oblong-ovate or deltoid, acute or acuminate, erect or decurved 
or even pendulous, dark olive-green to light-green, membranous, 
3-4-pinnatifid. Stipes 1-5in. long, terete, wiry, naked; rhachis 
narrowly winged above. Primary pinne close and often over- 
lapping in terrestrial specimens, more remote in those growing 
on trees, rhomboidal-lanceolate, cut down to a rather broadly 
winged rhachis into numerous secondary divisions, which are again 
pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid. Ultimate segments linear, rigid, obtuse, 
deeply spinulose-dentate. Sori few, large, mostly in the upper 
part of the frond, terminating very short lateral segments, often 
appearing quite axillary, free. Indusium erect or decurved, 
obovoid, tubular below, 2-valved to the middle; valves entire or 
denticulate.—A. Cunn. Precur.n. 240; Raoul, Choix, 39; Hook. and 
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 167; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1.98; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii. 
12; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 353; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fil. 69; Thoms. 
N.Z. Ferns, 37; Field, N.Z. Ferns, 66, t. 19, f.8. H. truncatum, 
Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxii. (1891) 890. H. alpinum, Col. l.c. 
xxx1. (1899) 263. H. oligocarpum, Col. l.c. xxxi. (1899) 264. 
Trichomanes multifidum, Forst. Prodr. n. 473. 
NortH anp SourH Isptanps, Stewart IsLAND, CHATHAM JIsLANDS, AUCK- 
LAND AND CAMPBELL IsLANDS, ANTIPODES IsLAND: Abundant throughout. 
Sea-level to 4000 ft. 
Varying greatly in size and habit, but always easily recognised by the very 
peculiar indusium. It is also found in Fiji and others of the Pacific islands. 
20. H. bivalve, Swariz, Syn. Fil. 146, 372. — Forming large 
matted patches on the ground among moss, more rarely epiphyti- 
cal. Rhizome stout, wiry, creeping; rootlets densely villous. 
Fronds (including the stipes) usually from 6—9in. high, 2-4 in. 
broad, but luxuriant specimens reach 12-14 in., with a breadth of 
6in., broadly ovate or deltoid, acuminate, rather rigid, often de- 
curved, 3-4-pinnatifid. Stipes 2-5in. long, terete, wiry, glabrous, 
not winged; rhachis narrowly winged above. Primary pinne 
triangular or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cut down almost to the 
rhachis into rhomboidal-lanceolate secondary divisions, which are 
again pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid. Ultimate segments narrow-linear, 
obtuse, deeply spinulose-dentate. Sori usually numerous, terminal 
on the segments, immersed at the base. Indusium ovate or ovate- 
orbicular, cuneate below, 2-valved nearly to the base; valves quite 
entire.—A. Rich. Fl. Nowv. Zel. 938; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 244; 
Raoul, Choixz, 39; Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 98, t. 35d; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. 
Zel. ii. 12; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 353; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fil. 69; 
Thomson, N.Z. Ferns, 37; Field, N.Z. Ferns, 67, t. 17, f. 3. H. 
spathulatum, Col. im Tasmanian Journ. Nat. Sci. (1845) 24. 
Trichomanes bivalve, Forst. Prodr. n. 466. 
