Aspleniwm. | FILICES. 995 
erect, pale-green, quite glabrous, pinnate or bipinnate. Pinneze 
remote or rather close, 2-10in. long, +-%in. broad, in the pendu- 
lous varieties narrow-linear to lanceolate, but in the small erect 
forms often much broader, acuminate or caudate, usually cut down 
to a narrowly winged rhachis into erecto-patent straight or in- 
curved linear-oblong obtuse or acute lobes +~2in. long; or more 
rarely the pinne are again pinnate at the base, with the secondary 
divisions lobed or pinnatifid. Veins indistinct, a single one to 
each lobe. Sori oblong, usually on the margins of the lobes, 
rarely on the disc of the pinne.—Hook. Sp. Fil. iii. 205; Hook. f. 
Fl. Nov. Zel. i.35; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 374; Hook. and Bak. Syn. 
Fil. 222; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 749; Thoms. N.Z. Ferns, 76; 
Field, N.Z. Ferns, 128, t. 12, f.2. A. beterophyllum, A. Rich. Fi. 
Nouv. Zel. 74. Ccenopteris flaccida, Thunb. Nov. Act. Petrop. ix. 
158; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 194; Raoul, Choi, 38. C. nove-zea- 
landiw, Spreng. Crypt. 115; Raoul, Choix, 38. Darea flaccida, 
Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 296. 
Var. Shuttleworthianum.—Fronds broader and much more compound, 
1-2 ft. long, 4-10 in. broad, ovate-oblong, acuminate, very coriaceous, dark-green, 
3-4-pinnatifid ; ultimate segments linear-spathulate ; sori short, oblong, quite 
marginal.—Hook. f. Hanab. N.Z, Fl. 374. A. Shuttleworthianum, Kwnze in 
Schkr. Fil. Suppl. 26, t. 14; Hook. Sp. Fil. iii. 210. 
KERMADEC IsLANDs, NortH anD SoutH IsLANDs, Stewart IsLAND, CHATHAM 
IsLANDS, AUCKLAND IsLANDS: Abundant throughout. Sea-level to 3500 ft. 
Var. Shuttleworthianum: Kermadec Islands, abundant, MacGillivray, T. F. C. 
Also found in Australia and Tasmania, in several of the Pacific islands, and 
said to have been gathered in South Africa. In New Zealand it varies exces- 
sively, the varieties depending to a large extent on the nature of their habitat, 
specimens growing on trees in damp forests being long and narrow and pendu- 
lous, while those found on exposed rocks are broad, rigid, and erect. Sir J. D. 
Hooker makes 5 varieties in the Handbook, exclusive of var. Shuttleworth- 
tanum, but they are so intimately connected by intermediate forms that it is 
difficult to provide them with satisfactory definitions. 
11. A. umbrosum, J. Sm. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. (1845) 
174.—Rhizome short, stout. Stipes 1-2 ft. long, stout, erect, scaly 
towards the base, smooth and naked above, brownish - green. 
Fronds variable in size, 1-4 ft. long without the stipes, 9 in. to 3 ft. 
broad, broadly ovate or deltoid, spreading, often drooping towards 
the tip, pale-green, membranous, flaccid, 2—3-pinnate; rhachis 
slender, flexuous, naked. Primary pinne rather distant, 6-18 in. 
long, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate ; second- 
ary 1-2in. long, lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid or again pinnate. 
Ultimate segments 4-4 in. long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
sessile and decurrent, usually deeply inciso-crenate; veins pinnate, 
simple or forked. Sori copious, usually about 5-€ to each pinnule, 
short, oblong. Indusium large, tumid, membranous.—Hook. and Bak. 
Syn. Fil. 229; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 749; Thoms. N.Z. Ferns, 77 ; 
Freld, N.Z. Ferns, 125, t.5,{.2. A. australe, Brack. Ful. U.S. Hapl. 
