1078 APPENDIX. 
42; Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. 402. North Island: A common garden 
escape from Kaitaia and Mongonui to Wellington. (South Africa.) 
Calendula officinalis, Linn. Sp. Plant. 921; D.C. Prodr. vi. 451. Marigold. 
North and South Islands: A frequent garden escape. (South Europe; 
West Asia.) 
Osteospermum moniliferum, Linn. Sp. Plant. 923; Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. 
436. North Island: An occasional garden escape in the vicinity of Auck- 
land, rare. (South Africa.) 
Cryptostemma calendulaceum, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. ii. 141; Hary. and 
Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. 467. Cape-weed. North Island: Pastures and waste 
places, abundant. (Cape Colony.) 
Arctuum Lappa, Linn. Sp. Plant. 816; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 220. Burdock. 
North and South Islands: Waste places from the Hast Cape southwards, 
not uncommon. (Europe; North and West Asia.) 
Carduus nutans, Linn. Sp. Plant. 821; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 224. Musk- 
thistle. South Island: Hastern Otago, Kirk. (Europe; North and West 
Asia to India; North Africa.) 
Carduus pycnocephalus, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 1151; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 
225. Slender Thistle. North and South Island: Not uncommon in fields 
and waste places. (Kurope; North Africa.) 
Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. Prodr. Fl. Berl. 259; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 225. 
Spear Thistle. North and South Islands, Stewart Island: Abundant 
throughout. (Europe; North Asia; North Africa.) 
Cnicus eriophorus, Roth. Tent. Fl. Germ. i. 345; Hook. f. Student’s FJ. 225. 
Woolly Thistle. North Island: Upper Wairarapa, Kirk. (Europe.) 
Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. ii. 130; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 226. 
Californian Thistle ; Canadian Thistle. North and South Islands: Cul- 
tivated fields; a serious pest in many localities. (Hurope; Northand West 
Asia; North Africa.) 
Onopordon Acanthium, Linn. Sp. Plant. 827; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 227. 
Cotton Thistle. South Island: Ashburton, W. W. Smith. (Europe; 
North Asia.) 
Silybum Marianum, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 378, t. 168; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 228. 
Milk Thistle. North and South Islands: Fields and waste places, abundant 
to the north of the East Cape, rarer southwards. (Europe; West Asia to 
the Caucasus.) 
Cynara Cardunculus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 827; D.C. Prodr. vi. 620. Cardoon. 
North Iceland: Waste places, not common. Mongonui, 7. Ff. C.; Napier, 
Kirk. (South Europe.) 
Centaurea nigra, Linn. Sp. Plant. 911; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 222. Knap- 
weed. Nerth and South Islands: Fields and waste places, not common. 
(Europe.) 
Centaurea cyanus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 911; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 222. Corn- 
flower. South Island: Ashburton, W. W. Smith. (Europe; West Asia to 
India.) 
Centaurea Calcitrapa, Linn. Sp. Plant. 917; Hook. f. S:udent’s Fl. 223. Star- 
thistle. North and South Islands: Fields and waste places, not uncom- 
mon. (HKurope; West Asia to India.) 
Centaurea solstitialis, Linn. Sp. Plant. 917; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 223. Yellow 
Star-thistle. North and South Islands: Fields and waste places, not 
uncommon. (Europe; West Asia; North Africa.) 
Cichoriwm Intybus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 813; Hook. f. Student’s Fl. 228. Chicory, 
North and South Islands: Roadsides and waste places, not uncommon. 
(Europe; North and West Asia to India; North Africa.) 
Tolpis umbellata, Bertol. in Mem. Soc. Emul. Genova, ii. (1803) 133; D.C. 
Prodr, vii. 86. North Island: Fields between Panmure and Penrose 
(Auckland District), near Helensville, 7. F. C. (South Europe.) 
Lapsana communis, Linn. Sp. Plant. 811; Hook. f. Student’s FJ. 229. Nzpple- 
wort. Norih and South Islands, Stewart Island: Waste places and culti- 
