50 Journal of Entomology and Zoology 
with the similar multipolar network over the surface of the indi- 
vidual members of the colony. In the connecting portion of the 
colonial wall are no sensory cells so these nerve cells must have a 
motor function. 
6. The sympathetic system is represented by fine nerves from 
the aboral surface of the ganglion to the dorsal and dorso-external 
wall of the oesophagus. Ventral fibers also join with the oral nerve 
ring by anastomoses. 
There is a nerve network over the surface of the alimentary 
canal. At the beginning of the oesophagus and extending to the 
stomach there is a network of cells and fibers forming a sort of 
nerve ring. Further down all parts of the alimentary canal have 
a nerve plexus. The nerve net is especially abundant about the 
rectum. The function of the sympathetic system seems to be 
motor. The sympathetic system in the digestive canal consists of 
a nerve network of ganglion cells as well as stands of nerve fibers. 
ENDOPROCTA. 
Van Beneden, 1845, although he considers Pedicellina, gives 
little or nothing on the nervous system. Kowalewsky, 1867, dis- 
cusses the development and Uljanin, 1869, gives the position of 
the ganglion in the same genus. Nitsche, 1875, shows the general 
position and chief branches of Pedicellina. Salensky, 1877, gives 
the general location of the ganglion in Loxosoma. 
Harmer, 1885, gives one of the best early accounts of the nerv- 
ous system of Loxosoma. He describes a dumb-bell-shaped gan- 
glion, bipolar cells on the surface and a median fibrous part. 
Nerves pass from the ganglion to the tentacle prominences. There 
are many sense cells in the tentacles. Silver nitrate was used 
to determine the position of the sense cells. The ganglion is devel- 
oped from the ectodermic floor of the vestibule and is connected 
with a well developed system of peripheral nerves ending in sense 
cells bearing tactile hairs on various parts of the body. The adult 
has no supraoesophageal ganglion. The nervous system of Loz- 
osoma develops by ectodermic invaginations; the connection be- 
tween the two parts is established secondarily. 
Foettinger, 1887, represents the nervous system of Pedicellina 
by a brain more or less completely divided into two lateral lobes. 
It is formed by a mass of ganglion cells surrounding a fibrous 
center. From the ganglion several pairs of nerves pass. 
Seeliger, 1890, gives the development and position of the 
nervous system in endoprocts. 
Davenport, 1893, shows the position of the ganglion in Una- 
tella. 
Nickerson, 1901, in L. davenporti describes the brain as just 
in front of the intestine and above the stomach, between it and the 
