334 M. M. Mercanr 
Conte & VaAneEy (1902) mention the occurrence of O. intestinalis 
in Triton taeniatus, the first report of Opalina from a tailed 
Batrachian. They say the refractive spherules arise in the nucleus 
and wander out through the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm. 
There are regarded as comparable to zymogen granules and yolk nuclei. 
Kunstner & GrnestE (1902) give some anatomical notes upon 
OQ. dimidiata emphasizing especially the presence in the endoplasma 
of certain “vesicles” which contain each a central granule, which 
reproduce by division and which therefore have an individuality of 
their own. [Instead of one granule, these bodies, the endosare 
spherules, contain many. They apparently do not divide. Instead of 
being constituent parts of the living protoplasm they seem to be 
nutritive material, paraglycogen, so that KunsTLerR & GINESTE’S con- 
clusions in regard to them seem inadmissible. | 
Kouscu (1902) studies minutely the drops of liquid which are 
extruded from O. ranarum and O. dimidiata when under pressure. 
He believes that the pressure causes partial liquefaction of the pellicle, 
that the culture flind (sodium chloride solution) is thus allowed to 
enter the body, and that this fluid unites chemically with the 
protoplasm forming “paramylin”. He confirms VERworn’s description 
of anodic galvanotropism in O. ranarwm and describes the peculiar 
but constant curve through which it swims slowly toward the anode. 
Hickson (1903) makes numerous [inaccurate] references to Opalina. 
He says (p. 364) “The mouthless Opalina found in the bladder [{!] of 
frogs may owe its many peculiarities of form to its entozoic habits”; 
Opalina is included with other Cilata in the [mistaken because in- 
complete| statement (p. 368), quoted from Birscuut, that the cilia 
spring from the pellicula and are continuous with it; reference 
is made to the nuclei of Opalina as follows (p. 378): “If the current 
views concerning the nuclei of Opalina are trustworthy, this genus 
should no longer be regarded as a member of the Heterocaryota 
| Ciliata|. Opalina possesses, according to PrirzNer and others, a large 
number of meganuclei, but no micronuclei. {[PrrrzNER (p. 466) regards 
the nuclei of Opalina as homologous with the micronuclei of Para- 
maecium.| Thin sections of Opalina that are suitably stained show, in 
addition to the numerous macronuclei, a large number of small 
bodies containing chromatin. They are probably micronuclei. [The 
accompanying figure shows them to be refractive spherules of the 
endosare.| The meganuclei divide sometimes amitotically [probably 
not true], and it is probable that they always do so [mistaken]. 
The mitotic figures discovered by Prirzner are clearly seen in a 
