Opalina. 339 
excretory vesicles. {Several different unrelated structures seem to 
be included under the term “vesicles” as here used. The endosare 
spherules of Opalina seem to be composed, chiefly at least, of para- 
globulin and to be a reserve food supply. The often reiterated 
conceptions of KunstLter & GrnestEe and Faurt-FRemrer seem there- 
fore to be founded on an insecure foundation.] 
Kunstirrk & GINESTE (1905) discuss the refractive spherules of 
the endoplasma in O. dimidiata; they say that they divide by con- 
striction, a central granule in each dividing first [not coniirmed by 
NERESHEIMER or myself]. They estimate eight thousand of these 
spherules to be present in an O. dimidiata 112'/, w long by 373/, 
broad. These spherules are regarded as a secretory apparatus. 
{They are apparently paraglycogen.| 
ScHOUTEDEN (1905) in a brief note reports finding longitudinal 
division (ZELLER’s oblique division) in O. ranarum very frequent in 
the spring. Division took from 50 to 90 minutes. In isolated in- 
dividuals he saw the longitudinal division begin and complete itself, 
thus confirming ZELLER’s description of the division (as Conn had 
done before) and refuting Biirscuir’s suggestion that ZELLER had 
probably mistaken conjugation for division. 
Pirrer (1905) finds that after an hour in sodium chloride 
solution O. ranarwm begins to show signs of injury, cilia movements 
becoming slower. The animals are at first clear and transparent, as 
they become abnormal they get darker. The abnormal condition 
and final death may be caused by the unnatural environment, or 
may be due to the noxious effect of free oxygen in the cultures. Opalinae 
in culture media containing no free oxygen live longer than those in 
control cultures in which free oxygen is present. A better culture 
medium than sodium chloride solution is a solution made of 
sodium choride 0.8%, . . . «= . 100 parts 
sodium and potassium tartrate 30%, 5  , 
distilled water ... . 400 
Li 5 AMAT 4 
In this fluid, free from oxygen, Opalinae, if fed, live up to three 
weeks. Without food they live from one to seven days, showing 
how long they can live upon the energy already stored in their 
bodies, for there is in the fluid no source of energy for the Opalinae. 
The stored energy in the bodies of the Opalinae is not in the form 
of “Polysachariden”, for with iodnie we do not get the characteristic 
color reaction. [This statement needs modification. Compare BarFuRTH 
(1885) and my statement of the reaction to iodine—page 216.] The 
stored energy is not in the form of fat, so probably it must be 
