THE REINDEER. 6s 
ten out of eighteen river deposits which have fur- 
nished fossil mammals, while the Red-deer has been 
found only in nine.* 
During the arctic severity of the post-glacial climate 
the remains of the Red-deer were rare, while those 
of the Reindeer were most abundant. During the 
pre-historic period the Red-deer gradually increased 
in numbers, while the Reindeer as gradually became 
extinct. In its rarity in the latter epoch we have 
proof of the great climatal change that had taken 
place in France and Britain. 
Professor Owen, in his ‘“ British Fossil Mammals,” 
has figured a skull with antlers of the Reindeer 
found in a peat-moss on Bilney Moor, near East 
Dereham, Norfolk, and he gives a figure also of a 
metatarsal bone of this animal from the fens of 
Cambridgeshire. During the excavation that was 
made for the reservoir of the southern outfall of the 
metropolitan sewage at Crossness Point, on the south 
side of the Thames, near Erith, a fine antler of the 
Reindeer was discovered at the bottom of a layer of 
peat varying from five to fifteen feet in thickness, 
along with the remains of Beaver and a human skull. 
Another antler was found in a shell marl underlying 
the peat near Whittington Hall, Lancashire. Leigh, 
in his “Natural History of Cheshire” (Bk. III. p. 84), 
notices a horn of the Reindeer which was found 
under a Roman altar at Chester. 
In Ireland, as we learn from a ‘ Report on Irish 
Fossil Mammals’ by Dr. Leith Adams (“ Proc. Roy. 
* Boyd Dawkins, Popular Science Review, January, 1868. 
