WILD WHITE CATILE. 20m 
or Regardors, nevertheless cannot at all be reputed 
beasts of the forest as wild horses, bubal’, wild cows, 
and the like.”* The word bubaii, literally ‘“ buffaloes,” 
is considered to mean “wild bulls,’ being the sense 
in which it is frequently used by Roman authors. 
Speaking of a somewhat later period, Matthew 
Paris, in his “Lives of the Abbots of St. Albans,” 
says of Leofstan, abbot in the time of Edward the 
Confessor, that he cut through the thick woods 
which extended from the edge of Ciltria (the Chil- 
terns) nearly up to London, smoothed the rough 
places, built bridges, and levelled the rugged roads, 
which he made more safe, ‘for at that time there 
abounded throughout the whole of Ciltria spacious 
woods, thick and large, the habitation of numerous 
and various beasts, wolves, boars, forest bulls (¢awrz 
sylvestres), and stags. 
Fitz-Stephen, writing about the year 1174, de- 
scribes the country beyond London in somewhat 
similar terms. ‘‘ Close at hand,” he says, “lies an 
immense forest, woody ranges, hiding-places of wild 
beasts, of stags, of fallow deer, of boars, and of 
forest bulls,” and he employs the same term (taurz 
sylvestres) to designate the wild cattle to which he 
refers. t 
Nor was this the only part of the country 
in which these animals were at that time to be 
found. Knaresborough Forest, for instance, in York- 
* See Manwood’s “ Forest Laws,” § 27; Thorpe’s “ Ancient Laws. 
of England,” vol.1. p. 429; and Spelman’s “ Glossary,” p. 241. 
+ “ Vita Sancti Thome,” tom. i. p. 173 (ed. Giles). 
