WILD WITTE CATTLE, 235 
owner of the herd, who naturally would be expected 
to know more about it than any visitor. 
In 1692, according to the steward’s account, the 
herd consisted of only 14 breeding animals, bulls, and 
cows, and calves of both sexes, and 12 steers; in 
all 28. In 1838, according to Mr. Hindmarsh, there 
were about 80, comprising 25 bulls, 40 cows, and 
15 steers of various ages. In May, 1861, Mr. Darwin 
was informed by the agent, Mr. Hardy, that they 
numbered about 50. This was about the number 
we saw when visiting the park in May, 1863. In 
August, 1873, the herd consisted of 64 head—17 bulls 
of all ages from calves upwards, 19 steers, and 28 
cows, heifers, and female calves (Storer, p. 171). In 
October, 1874, according to Lord Tankerville, the 
herd numbered 71. In March, 1875, the number had 
again decreased, amounting to 62: only—viz., 14 bulls 
and bull calves, 31 cows and cow calves, and 17 steers. 
In July, 1877, there were still fewer—s59 only —con- 
sisting of 8 bulls, 27 cows and heifers, and 16 steers 
(Zoologist, 1878, p. 281). Lord Tankerville says 
they increase slowly, several dying each year by 
accidents or by overrunning their calves when dis- 
turbed ; and the cows breed slowly, owing to having 
frequently the calves still sucking the second year.” 
Bewick’s assertion that a few of the Chillingham 
cattle in his day had black ears is confirmed from other 
sources. In 1692 there were more with black ears than 
with red ears, and the present prevalence of red ears 
seems to have been brought about by selection. 
DRUMLANRIG CastLe, DUMFRIESSHIRE.—Until the 
