XIV 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Liverworts with Cell-nets, Cell-plates, and Cell- 

 rows in various transitional forms, - - 591 

 Cotyledons, various examples shown in detail, - 5Ü9 

 Process of Development — {Ithizophora conjuijata), 603 

 Mangroves on the West Coast of India at ebb- 

 tide, 605 



Germinating Seeds and Seedlings, - - - 607 

 Liberation of the Cotyledons from the cavity of 



the seed or fruit husk, - - - - 611 



Anchoring of the Water-chestnut (Trap«), - - 617 

 The Boring of Fruits into the Ground, Feather- 

 grass and Stork's-bill, - . - - 619 

 Cotyledons of various Plants, - - - . 621 

 Arrangement of Strands in the bladca of Foliage- 

 leaves. Forms with one main strand, - - 631 

 Distribution of Strands in the blades of Foliage- 

 leaves. Forms with several main strands, - 633 

 Flowers of the Silver Lime and Arrow-grass, - 646 

 Cotton Trees of the Brazilian catingas, - - 656 

 Agaves of the Mexican uplands, ... 657 

 Yucca gloriosa, ------- 659 



Valli&neria spiraligj ------ 667 



Rotangs in Java, .--... (375 

 Shoot-apices of three species of Rotang, - - 676 

 Branches of the New Zealand Bramble, - - 677 

 Palm-stem used as a support by the lattice-forming 



stems of one of the Clusiaceae, - - - 681 

 Twining Hop (Humulus Lupidus), in detail, - 6S8 

 Portion of a Liane stem, twisted like a cork- 

 screw, .--.... 689 



Stipular tendrils of the common Smilax, - - 690 

 Leaf-stalk tendrils of Atragenc alpina, ■ - 691 

 Branch-tendrils of Serjaiiin riramniophora^ - - 693 

 Tendrils of the Bryony (Bryonia), • ■ 696 



Page 

 Light-avoiding Tendrils of Vilis inserta and Vilis 



inconatana, ---.... 699 

 Ivy (Hedcra Helix) fastened by climbing roots to 



the trunk of an Oak, 703 



Ficus with girdle-like clasping roots, - - - 705 



Ficus Bcnjamina with incrusting climbing roots, 707 



Biijnonia arcjyro-iuilacca, from Brazil, - - 709 



Ficus with lattice-forming climbing roots, - - 711 



Bamboos in Java, ..---. 713 



The Oak, 716 



The Silver 'Fir (Abies pectinata), ■ ■ - 717 



Birch Trunks with white membraneous bark, - 721 



Eucalyptus trees in Australia, - . - - 723 

 Diagrammatic representation of various combined 



girders, .-.-.-. 728 

 Transverse sections of erect foliage-stems with 



simple girders not fused together into a tube, 729 

 Transverse sections of erect foliage-stems with 



simple girders fused into cylindrical tubes, - 730 

 Transverse sections of erect foliage-stems with 



flanges developed as secondary girders, - 731 

 Transverse section of the climbing stem of the 



Atragenc (Atragene alpina), - - - 733 



Undulations of old ribbon-shaped Lian6 stems, • 734 

 Transverse sections of a runner of the Garden 



Strawberry and of the Water Milfoil, - - 735 

 Branch of the Walnut-tree with hanging male 



catkins, and a small cluster of female flowers, 742 

 India-rubber Tree (Ficus elastica) and Banyan- 

 tree {Ficus Indica], ----- 755 

 The Screw Pine (Pandanus utilis), - - - 758 

 Stilt-like and columnar roots of Mangroves, - 759 

 Bramble-bush in which the branches have taken 



root, ----- . 769 



