ILLUSTRATIONS. 



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Page 

 The European Mistletoe { V{sc«?n a/6«7«), - - 206 

 Bushes of Mistletoe upon the Black Poplar in 



winter, - - - ■ - - - 207 

 Loranthus Europerus and Mistletoe ( Vhcum 



album) — both parasitic on branches of trees, 



and seen in section. A piece of Fir-tree 



perforated by the sinkers of a Mistletoe, - 209 

 Porous Cells of Fork-moss, Bog-moss, and an 



Orchid root, 219 



Aerial Roots of an Orchid epiphytic upon bark 



of the branch of a tree, - - - - 221 

 Aerial Roots with rout-hairs, . . . . 224 

 Hairs and Leaves which retain Dew and Rain, - 228 

 Cauline and Capitate Hairs, .... 229 

 Absorption of Water by Foliage-leaves, - - 232 

 Absorptive Cavities and Cups on Foliage -leaves, 233 

 Water-receptacles in Plants, - . . . 239 

 Gelatinous Lichens, --.--. 244 

 Fruticose and Foliaceous Lichens, - - - 245 

 Roots \\\t\\ Mycelial Mantle; Mycelium entering 



into the external cells, . - . . 250 



Olive Grove on the Sliores of Lake Garda, - • 275 

 Transpiring Cells, ...--- 278 

 Spongy Tissue of Franciscca eximia and Daphne 



Laurcolüy ------- 279 



Corypka umbrae ulif era of Ceylon, - - - 289 

 Stomata of NephrocLium, Filix-mas and Peperomia 



arifolia, ..-.--- 294 

 Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Papilla- 

 like outgrowths of the Surface, - - - 295 

 Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Cuticular 



Pegs, 296 



Over-arched Stomata of Australian Proteaceae, - 297 

 Stomata in Pit-like Depressions, ... 298 



Stomata in the Furrows of Green Stems, - - 299 

 Transverse Sections through Rolled Leaves, - 301 

 Orchids whose Stomata lie in Hollow Tubercles, - 300 

 "Vertical Section through a Rolled Leaf, - • 303 

 Thickened Stratified Cuticle, - - - - 310 



Cari/ota propinqua, .--_-. 3|1 

 Vertical Section of Leaf of Caryota propinqua, - 312 

 Edelweiss {Gnaphaliuni Leontopodiura)^ • - 315 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 321 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 322 

 Flinty armour of Rochea falcata, - - - 323 



Switch-plants, ------- 331 



Switch-shrubs, sections of Stems, - - - - 332 



Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 333 



Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 335 



Compass Plants, -..-.- 337 



Folding of Grass-leaves {Scsleria tcnulfolia), - 341 

 Folding of Grass-leaves {Siipa capiUata and Fes- 



tuca alpestris), ---.-. 342 

 Folding of Grass-leaves {Lasiayrostis Calama- 



grostis and Festuca Porcii),- - - - 343 

 Folding of Grass-leaves {Festuca punctoria), - 345 

 Folding of Moss-leaves (Polytrichum commune), - 346 

 Unfolding of Leaves of various plants, - - 349 



Page 



Leaf-unfolding of the Tnlip-tree, - - - 352 



Unfolding of Beech-leaves, .... 353 



Leaf-fall of the Horse-chestnut, ... - 361 



Indian Climbing Palms [Rotany], - - 363 



Lianes, Stems of, ----- - 364 



Aroids, with curd-like aerial routs, - - - 365 

 Position of the Chlorophyll-granules in the cells 



of the Ivy-leaved Duckweed [Lenina trisulca), 382 

 Plan of Whorled Phyllotaxis, - - - - 397 



Plan for Spiral Phyllotaxis, - - - - 400 



Plan of Five-thirteenths Phyllotaxis, - • - 401 

 Parastichies of a Pine-cone, ... - 403 

 Displacement of the leaf-positions in consequence 



of torsion of the stem, . , - - 407 



Leaf-mosaic, Leaf-rosettes, and Scale-like Leaves, 410 

 Formation of a Leaf-mosaic, - - - - 411 

 Spruce Firs {Abies excelsa), . . . . 415 



Erect Leafy Twig of the Norway Maple, - - 416 

 Twisting of Internodes and Leaf-stalks, - - 417 

 Horizontally growing Leafy Twig of the Paper 



Mulberry-tree {Broussonctia jmpyrifera), - 418 

 Leafy Twig projecting laterally from the Stem of 



the Norway Maple {Acer platanoUles)., - - 419 

 Leaf-mosaics of Unsymmetrical Leaves, - - 420 



Mosaic of Leaves of unequal size, - - - 421 

 Mosaic of Unsymmetrical Leaves of unequal size, 422 

 Leaf-mosaic (Ivy), ...--- 423 

 Acantholimon and spiny Tragacanth -shrubs, - 435 

 Group of Thistles {Cirsium nemorale), ■ - 436 



Acanthus spinosissimus, . - - . . 437 



Weapons of Plants, -..-.- 439 

 Weapons of Plants, -----. 449 



Chemical Diagrams (three), . . . , 453 



Chemical Diagram. ------ 454 



Crystals and Crystalloids in Plant-cells, - - 457 



Various Forms of Starch-grains, - - - 459 



Portion cut from a Branch (diagrammatic), - 469 



Organs for Removal of Substances, - - - 471 



Rhynchosia phaseoloides, a Liane with ribbon-like 



Stems, .-..--- 470 

 Transverse sections of Liane Stems, - - - 477 



Leafless Branches of Tecoma radicans, rooted on 



a wall, ....--- 479 



Elevation of a Block of Stone in consequence of 



the growth in thickness of a Larch Root, - 515 

 Alpine Willows with stems and branches clinging 



to the ground, ------ 524 



Periodic bending of Flowers and Inflorescences, - 531 

 Alteration of Position of Leaflets in Compound 



Leaves, --.---- 533 

 Mimosa pudica in day and night positions, - - 537 

 Mountain Pines {Pinus humilis) in the Tyrol, - 549 

 Detachment of special shoots of Potamoyeton 



crispus, for hibernation under water, - - 651 

 Edible Lichen {Lecanora escnlcnta) in the desert, 555 

 Changes in the Protoplasm of the Cell-nucleus 



during its division, . - . - - 581 



Laminarias in the North Sea, . . - . 588 



