FORM AND POSITION' OF THE TRANSPIKINÜ LEAVES AND BRANCHES. 



333 



disappear, leaving no traces. Since the members wliich arise from the axils of 

 leaves (whether these are small clothing-scales, or large green laminae does not 

 matter) are not considered to be leaves, but shoots, the flat leaf-like sti'uctures of the 

 Butcher's-broom are also regarded as shoots, and are named " flattened shoots " 

 (cladodes) — oi-, considering their similarity to leaves, " leaf-branches " (phylloclades). 



Fig. 82.— Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes). 



1 Young shitot of lirtsat^ ny2)oglossum. '^ The same branch fully grown, with flowers on the cladodes. 3 Young shoot 

 of Enseals aculeattfs. * The same branch with flowers on the cladodes. 



This view is strengthened materially by the fact that these leaf-like structures, in 

 their further development, and in the production of shoots, behave exactly like 

 ordinary cylindrical axes. That is to say, small scale-like leaves spring fi-om them, 

 and from the axils of these scales arise stalked flowers (see fig.s. 82"^ and 82 ■*) which 

 ultimately fructify. Plants possessing such phylloclades are not very numerous on 



