x NEW ZEALAND PLANTS. 
CHAPTER IX. 
Tur FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE OUTLYING ISLANDS. 
A goblin forest—-The subantarctic flora—Composition of the subantarctic 
forest—Remnant of an ancient subantarctic tree-formation—Plants of 
the seashore—The splendid herbaceous plants—Subantarctic :tussocks 
—Vegetation of Antipodes Island—Vegetation of Macquarie Island—A 
“* wind-desert ’’—Vegetation of the Snares—A natural rotation of crops 
—The Bounty Islands—Flora of the Chatham Islands—The Chatham 
Island forest—Chatham Island bogs—The giant forget-me-not—Some 
interesting Chatham Island plants—Flora of the Kermadec Islands— 
Lack of tropical species in the Kermadecs—Plants peculiar to the group 
—Rock associations—Ngaio scrub—The two kinds of forest and their 
trees—The two tree-ferns—-Luxuriance of New Zealand trees on the 
Kermadecs be nit fs He at vs spp LE 
CHAPTER X. 
THE Evo.uTion oF A New FLORA AND VEGETATION. 
General remarks—Number of foreign plants growing wild in New Zealand— 
Origin of the plant aliens—Statistics regarding the families, genera, and 
species of the invaders—The comparative rareness of most introduced 
plants—No foreign plants in the primitive plant-formations—Classifica- 
tion of plant-associations at the present time—Names for the different 
classes of associations, and their definition—Subdivisions of the induced 
associations — Some modified associations — Modified grassland — Modi- 
fied dune-hollows—Modified salt-meadow—Modified forest—Indigenous 
induced associations — Danthonia grassland—-The depleted grassland 
of Central Otago— Rejuvenation of subalpine scrub— History of 
commercial phormium swamp—Other indigenous induced associations 
—Adventitious associations—Tree, shrub, herb, and water associations— 
Hakea on the gumlands—Origin of a gum-tree association—The fox- 
glove spreading—Distribution according to habitat—Something about 
weeds .. oe 4S ss ie ee ve .. 144 
CHAPTER XI. 
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLANTS. 
Popular names of plants—English names and Maori names—Scientific names 
of plants—Some objections to the use of scientific names—Meaning 
of the term “species ”—Little species—Aggregate species—Meaning of 
terms “genus” and “family ’’—The leading families and genera -of 
the seed-plants—Seed-plants with only one seed-leaf— Plants with 
naked seeds—Ferns—Lycopodiaceae—-T'mesipteris—Mosses and liver- 
worts—Fungi—The black fungus of Nothofagus—Algae—Bacteria— 
Slime-fungi aie at a ie she Ae .. 159 
