138 NEW ZEALAND PLANTS. 
families, together with the number of species in each, are as follows : 
The fern family (49), the daisy family (23), the sedge family (20), 
the grass family (13), the orchid family (12), the willow-herb and 
carrot families (each 10), and the koromiko, fat-hen, and coprosma 
families (each 5). With regard to endemism, there are 2 endemic 
genera—Myosotidium and Cozella, the latter genus belonging to the 
carrot family and allied to Aciphylla—and 31 species (including certain 
more .or less well-marked varieties), but 20 of these are extremely 
closely related to species of New Zealand proper. This New Zea- 
land relationship is emphasized by the fact that, with the exception 
of the comparatively few endemic species and one or two others, the 
remaining species belong to New Zealand, where a large majority 
are quite common. 
Forest still occupies a good deal of the Chatham Islands, though 
much has been destroyed and replaced by artificial grassland. The 
commonest of the forest-trees is the karaka, called in the Chathams 
kopi (Corynocarpus laevigata), whose smooth bark was frequently 
adorned with a figure of a three-fingered man by the Moriori artists 
(fig. 92), who possibly, like children, found it simpler to draw 
three fingers than five. Then come the Chatham matipo (Suttonia 
chathamica), the Chatham mahoe (Hymenanthera chathamica), the 
Chatham akeake (Olearia Traversii), the tree-karamu (Coprosma 
chathamica), the Chatham lancewood (Pseudopanax chathamicum), 
the Chatham ribbonwood (Plagianthus chathamicus), and the nikau 
(Rhopalostylis sapida). There are two distinct classes of forests on 
the island—one, where the kopi is dominant, of a coastal character, 
and another, that on the higher ground, containing fewer species, 
and having the Chatham tree-heath (Dracophyllum arboreum) as its 
dominant tree and the kopi absent. The forest on limestone near 
the great lagoon (Te Whanga) is also somewhat different from either 
of the above classes of forest, since there alone is to be found the 
Chatham kowhai (Sophora chathamica). 
There is no shrubby undergrowth in the Chatham Island forest, 
but tree-ferns and ferns of all kinds similar to those of New 
Zealand proper are very abundant. ‘The only lianes are the supple- 
jack (Rhipogonum scandens), the climbing - convolvulus (Calystegia 
tuguriorum), and the broad-leaved puhepuhe (Muehlenbeckia australis). 
Many most characteristic New Zealand forest-trees are absent— 
e.g., all the taxads (Dacrydium, Podocarpus, and Phyllocladus), the 
