STEWART BOTANICAL DISTRICT. 193 
The Stewart Botanical District comprises Stewart Island and 
all the islets adjacent, including Dog Island, at the entrance to the 
Bluff Harbour. The number of species in the district is about 500. 
There are about 18 species restricted, or almost restricted, to the 
district, the more important of which are—Danthonia pungens; a 
variety of Uncinia compacta; Uncinia pedicellata (a forest - plant 
always with purple leaves); Carex longiculms; a small swamp- 
lily with male and female flowers on different plants (Chrysobactron 
Gibbsii) ; a tiny plant of the carrot family (Schizeilema Cockaynet) ; 
a distinct needle-leaved heath (Dracophyllum Pearson); a coastal 
rock - plant with leaves in rosettes (Anisotome flabellata); a tiny 
ourisia (Ourisia modesta); a tree-daisy related to Olearia virgata 
(O. divaricata) ; a celmisia related to Celmisia petiolata (C. rigida) ; 
and the Stewart Island vegetable-sheep (Raoulia Goyeni). 
A remarkable feature is the absence of southern-beech (Notho- 
fagus), lacebark (Hoheria), New Zealand broom (Carmichaelia), moun- 
tain -ribbonwood (Gaya), celery-pine (Phyllocladus), pigeonwood 
(Hedycarya), totara (Podocarpus totara) (but P. Hallia is common), 
the white tea-tree (Leptospermum ericoides), Melicope, Pennantia, 
Oxalis, and Pimelea arenaria (but the latter is represented by 
P. Lyallii). The following species, important in Stewart Island, 
occur also to some extent in the south of the South Island: Carex 
appressa, Epilobium nerterioides var. minimum, Ourisia Crosbyi, 
Olearia angustifolia, and Cotula Traallir. 
Several plants of subantarctic or Chatham Island affinities occur in 
this district—e.g., Urtica australis, Suttonia chathamica, Poa folvosa, 
Veronica odora, and Senecio Stewartiae. 
Forest occupies most of the island, and ascends to the scrub-line. 
A forest-association peculiar to the district is the low swamp-forest 
of the yellow-pine (Dacrydium intermedium), with its wealth of huge 
moss and liverwort cushions. ‘Tall tussock-grassland, similar to that 
of the South Otago Botanical District, occurs in certain wet lowland 
localities. There is a considerable high-mountain vegetation, although 
no mountain greatly exceeds 3,000 feet altitude. Bogs are abundant. 
Lycopodium ramulosum is a common bog-plant. A good many alpine 
plants occur at sea-level, even some otherwise typically alpine— 
e.g., Celmisia argentea, Donatia novae-zelandiae, and Senecio Lyallir. 
Coastal scrubs are an important feature of the shore-line; they are 
closely allied to those of the Fiord Botanical District. 
13—Plants. 
